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<p>Highly conductive hydrogel electrolytes have substantially promoted the advancement of flexible electronic devices. For such electrolytes, addressing the intrinsic trade-off between mechanical integrity and electrical conductivity is crucial for achieving optimal performance. This study investigates a composite hydrogel composed of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and polyacrylamide (PAM), in which the interaction between CNF and PAM forms a stable structural network and facilitates efficient ion transport pathways. Furthermore, the incorporation of ferrous acetate (Fe(CH₃COO)₂) encapsulated within β-cyclodextrin (β-CD@Fe) into the hydrogel matrix markedly improves the ionic conductivity and enables a favorable balance between mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. As a result of this innovative design, the hydrogel exhibits excellent electrochemical properties, including an ionic conductivity of 0.0514 S cm<sup>−1</sup> and a specific capacitance of 37.8 F cm<sup>−2</sup>. Notably, the hydrogel maintains excellent cycling stability, retaining a Coulombic efficiency of 97.32% after 2000 charge–discharge cycles. Coupled with its combination of robust adhesion, self-healing capabilities, and exceptional mechanical durability alongside superior electrochemical performance, this hydrogel is a promising candidate for high-power-density, long-cycle-lifetime energy storage systems.</p>

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A Stretchable and Highly Conductive Flexible Hydrogel Electrolyte for Supercapacitor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月14日

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  • Luyi Xing,
  • Tao Lin,
  • Xuefeng Yin,
  • Sitian Qu,
  • Guoqiang Peng,
  • Chenyang Li

摘要

Highly conductive hydrogel electrolytes have substantially promoted the advancement of flexible electronic devices. For such electrolytes, addressing the intrinsic trade-off between mechanical integrity and electrical conductivity is crucial for achieving optimal performance. This study investigates a composite hydrogel composed of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and polyacrylamide (PAM), in which the interaction between CNF and PAM forms a stable structural network and facilitates efficient ion transport pathways. Furthermore, the incorporation of ferrous acetate (Fe(CH₃COO)₂) encapsulated within β-cyclodextrin (β-CD@Fe) into the hydrogel matrix markedly improves the ionic conductivity and enables a favorable balance between mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. As a result of this innovative design, the hydrogel exhibits excellent electrochemical properties, including an ionic conductivity of 0.0514 S cm−1 and a specific capacitance of 37.8 F cm−2. Notably, the hydrogel maintains excellent cycling stability, retaining a Coulombic efficiency of 97.32% after 2000 charge–discharge cycles. Coupled with its combination of robust adhesion, self-healing capabilities, and exceptional mechanical durability alongside superior electrochemical performance, this hydrogel is a promising candidate for high-power-density, long-cycle-lifetime energy storage systems.