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<p>This study investigates the development and multifunctional properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers incorporated with poly[1-[4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzenesulfonamido]-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt] (PCBS) through electrospinning. The morphological analysis shows that adding PCBS, up to 3 wt%, maintains a consistent fiber diameter between 100 and 200&#xa0;nm with bead-free fibers, indicating a normal distribution and uniformity in the nanofiber structure. FTIR analysis reveals consistent band locations across varying PCBS concentrations, suggesting uniform component distribution within the composite. Mechanical testing demonstrates a significant dependence on PCBS content, with 3 wt% PCBS providing the optimal balance of strength (maximum stress of 7.7 ± 0.3&#xa0;MPa) and flexibility (strain at breakage of 91 ± 1.8%). The piezoelectric characterization further shows the peak value of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12221_2025_1140_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({d}_{33}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>33</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> coefficient at (~ 15.8 pC/N) at 1 wt% PCBS and voltage output under applied forces and frequencies. Optical characterizations confirm second harmonic generation at 390&#xa0;nm in all TPU/PCBS nanofibers—in fact, the maximum emission intensity was found at 1wt% PCBS, further supporting the results from piezoelectric studies relevant to enhanced dipole alignment. High-frequency testing (10–100&#xa0;Hz) underscores this synergy, with the 1 wt% composite doubling the voltage output of higher-loading samples and thus proving most effective for broadband energy harvesting. These findings demonstrate the potential of TPU/PCBS nanocomposites as a material for applications requiring tailored mechanical, piezoelectric, and optical properties for next-generation wearable sensors and flexible optoelectronic devices, enabling real-time biomechanical monitoring.</p>

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Multifunctional Optical SHG and Piezoelectric TPU/PCBS Electrospun Nanofibers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月21日

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  • Nader Shehata,
  • Germein Magdy,
  • Sara Noman,
  • Ishac Kandas

摘要

This study investigates the development and multifunctional properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers incorporated with poly[1-[4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzenesulfonamido]-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt] (PCBS) through electrospinning. The morphological analysis shows that adding PCBS, up to 3 wt%, maintains a consistent fiber diameter between 100 and 200 nm with bead-free fibers, indicating a normal distribution and uniformity in the nanofiber structure. FTIR analysis reveals consistent band locations across varying PCBS concentrations, suggesting uniform component distribution within the composite. Mechanical testing demonstrates a significant dependence on PCBS content, with 3 wt% PCBS providing the optimal balance of strength (maximum stress of 7.7 ± 0.3 MPa) and flexibility (strain at breakage of 91 ± 1.8%). The piezoelectric characterization further shows the peak value of the \({d}_{33}\) d 33 coefficient at (~ 15.8 pC/N) at 1 wt% PCBS and voltage output under applied forces and frequencies. Optical characterizations confirm second harmonic generation at 390 nm in all TPU/PCBS nanofibers—in fact, the maximum emission intensity was found at 1wt% PCBS, further supporting the results from piezoelectric studies relevant to enhanced dipole alignment. High-frequency testing (10–100 Hz) underscores this synergy, with the 1 wt% composite doubling the voltage output of higher-loading samples and thus proving most effective for broadband energy harvesting. These findings demonstrate the potential of TPU/PCBS nanocomposites as a material for applications requiring tailored mechanical, piezoelectric, and optical properties for next-generation wearable sensors and flexible optoelectronic devices, enabling real-time biomechanical monitoring.