<p>Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated significant potential in particulate matter (PM) filtration owing to their unique structural diversity and multifunctionality. The inherent properties of MOFs, such as high porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable pore size distribution, make them exceptionally well-suited for efficient PM capture. However, MOFs in their powdered crystalline state exhibit drawbacks such as brittleness, insolubility, and difficulties in shaping, limiting their practical applications. To address these challenges, MOFs are integrated with self-supporting porous materials (SSPMs). This combination creates a hybrid of nanoscale and micro-nanoscale structures, offering high porosity, enhanced adsorption capacity, multi-scale filtration, robust structural stability, and multifunctionality. Ultimately, it broadens the application potential of MOFs through optimized interfacial bonding. The paper investigates the mechanisms of PM filtration and explores how these mechanisms are utilized in the preparation of MOF-based self-supporting porous materials (MOF-SSPMs). The study focuses on macro-scale preparation methods, such as in-situ growth, electrospinning, freeze-drying, hot-pressing and coating analyzing, and how these techniques specifically enhance MOF performance in PM filtration. A detailed analysis is also provided of the synergistic capabilities of MOF-SSPMs in air filtration, particularly regarding their effectiveness in adsorbing volatile organic compounds and eliminating toxic gases. Furthermore, the paper comprehensively discusses the future prospects of MOF-SSPMs in PM filtration, highlighting their potential benefits in improving filtration efficiency, reducing pressure drop, and enhancing chemical stability. The discussion is intended to provide novel insights and establish theoretical foundations to advance technologies in air purification and environmental protection.</p>