Evaluating Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction vs. Conventional Aqueous Extraction of Natural Dyes from Hypericum triquetrifolium for Textile Fibers Dyeing

In recent years, the interest in using natural dyes for coloring fabrics has surged due to their eco-friendliness and lower impact on human health. As a sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes, which pose environmental concerns, natural dyes are gaining significance in the textile industry. Therefore, developing more efficient extraction methods for natural dyes from plant materials for various applications, including food, cosmetics, and textiles, is essential. This study investigates the extraction and dyeing of a novel natural dye derived from Hypericum triquetrifolium. It examines the impact of supercritical CO₂ (ScCO₂) extraction compared to traditional aqueous methods. The extraction process was analyzed using gravimetric analysis, FTIR, and HPLC chromatography. The findings revealed that ScCO₂ significantly improved the extraction efficiency of the dyes. Additionally, initial assessments were conducted to evaluate the dyeing capabilities of the extracts obtained through both aqueous and ScCO₂ methods on multifiber samples using various dyeing techniques.