Internal Structure and Natural Frequency of Cello Endpins Based on Metal-Incorporated Carbon Composites Fabricated by Roll-Wrapping Process

Recently, a variety of materials have been applied to cello endpins to meet the diverse acoustic needs of instrumentalists and audiences. However, only a few studies have been reported on the relationship between the natural frequency and the materials used for cello endpins. In this study, the cello endpins were fabricated using the roll-wrapping method, which can produce various carbon and metal/carbon hybrid composites without defects in the internal structure. In addition, the natural frequency as a function of the used material was investigated using the measurement system designed and configured in this study. The metal/carbon hybrid endpin, which wrapped a metal rod with a carbon composite, had an attenuated natural frequency compared to the carbon composite and metal based endpins, providing a new natural frequency range. The cello endpin proposed in this study by the material engineering design based on acoustic analysis is expected to provide new options for diverse sounds that can meet the acoustic needs of instrumentalists and audiences.