Synergistic Effect of Henna and Betel Leaf Extract on Dyeing and Antimicrobial Performance of Silk Fabric

The stringent global environmental regulations and human health concerns associated with synthetic dyes pave the way for utilizing biodegradable dyes from natural resources for coloring textiles. The coloration of silk fabric using the leaf extracts of natural dye henna to impart an attractive and durable color effect was studied in this research. The henna-dyed silk fabric was then functionalized with antimicrobial properties by padding with betel leaf extracts. A brilliantly colored antibacterial fabric was, therefore, developed due to the combined treatment of henna and betel leaf extracts. The treated silk fabric exhibited an adequate resistance against washing, perspiration, and rubbing. The morphological investigation revealed smooth surface characteristics with no deterioration of fiber structure after high temperature dyeing. The existence of henna and betel leaf extracts in silk fiber was confirmed from their respective characteristic peaks of the FT-IR spectroscopy. The improved germicidal activity against staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) microbes has also been evidenced due to the concomitant treatment of henna dye and betel leaf on the fabric. Besides, the satisfactory moisture management profile conferred favorable thermal comfort properties of dyed silk fabrics worn in hot and moist environment. The consecutive dyeing and padding of silk fabric with henna and betel leaf extract are, therefore, expected to provide attractive color with excellent antibacterial activity and satisfactory moisture management properties for wearing in a hot and humid condition with better comfort.