<p>Given any <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we study non-negative, non-trivial, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-solutions to the fourth order Hardy–Hénon equation <Equation ID="Equ19"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \Delta ^2 u = |x|^\sigma u^p \quad \text {in } B_R \setminus \{0\} \subset {{\,\mathrm{{\textbf{R}}}\,}}^n \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>σ</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mi>R</mi> </msub> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi mathvariant="bold">R</mi> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>with <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n \ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \in {{\,\mathrm{{\textbf{R}}}\,}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi mathvariant="bold">R</mi> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. While there are many works devoted to the case <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma &gt; -4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, there are very few works in the scenario <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \le -4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We show in this work that any non-negative, non-trivial, <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-solution <i>u</i> to the equation with <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \le -4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> enjoys a local radial sub harmonic property in the sense that <Equation ID="Equ20"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \int _{\partial B_r} \Delta u d\sigma &gt; 0 \quad \text {for { r} near 0}. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>for</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>r near 0</mtext> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>In many cases, we are able to show that such a local property is actually global in the sense that the above inequality holds for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r \in (0, R)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Our argument further reveals the role of the inequality <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n-4-(4+\sigma )/(p-1) \ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the analysis of the equation.</p>

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On the Radial Sub-Harmonic Property for Fourth Order Hardy–Hénon Equation on Punctured Balls

  • Thi Ngoan Tran,
  • Quốc Anh Ngô,
  • Van Tuan Tran

摘要

Given any \(R>0\) R > 0 , we study non-negative, non-trivial, \(C^4\) C 4 -solutions to the fourth order Hardy–Hénon equation \(\begin{aligned} \Delta ^2 u = |x|^\sigma u^p \quad \text {in } B_R \setminus \{0\} \subset {{\,\mathrm{{\textbf{R}}}\,}}^n \end{aligned}\) Δ 2 u = | x | σ u p in B R \ { 0 } R n with \(n \ge 2\) n 2 , \(p>1\) p > 1 , and \(\sigma \in {{\,\mathrm{{\textbf{R}}}\,}}\) σ R . While there are many works devoted to the case \(\sigma > -4\) σ > - 4 , there are very few works in the scenario \(\sigma \le -4\) σ - 4 . We show in this work that any non-negative, non-trivial, \(C^4\) C 4 -solution u to the equation with \(\sigma \le -4\) σ - 4 enjoys a local radial sub harmonic property in the sense that \(\begin{aligned} \int _{\partial B_r} \Delta u d\sigma > 0 \quad \text {for { r} near 0}. \end{aligned}\) B r Δ u d σ > 0 for r near 0 . In many cases, we are able to show that such a local property is actually global in the sense that the above inequality holds for any \(r \in (0, R)\) r ( 0 , R ) . Our argument further reveals the role of the inequality \(n-4-(4+\sigma )/(p-1) \ge 0\) n - 4 - ( 4 + σ ) / ( p - 1 ) 0 in the analysis of the equation.