<p>We study singular integral operators induced by Calderón-Zygmund kernels in any step-2 Carnot group <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2182_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {G}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">G</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We show that if such an operator satisfies some natural cancellation conditions then it is <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2182_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> bounded on all intrinsic graphs of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2182_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="33" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^{1,\alpha }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> functions over vertical hyperplanes that do not have rapid growth at <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2182_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>∞</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In particular, the result applies to the Riesz operator <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2182_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathscr {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">R</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> induced by the kernel <Equation ID="Equ34"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2182_Article_Equ34.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="211" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \textsf{R}(z)= \nabla _{\mathbb {G}} \Gamma (z), \quad z\in \mathbb {G}\backslash \{0\}, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">R</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">G</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>z</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">G</mi> <mo stretchy="true">\</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>the horizontal gradient of the fundamental solution of the sub-Laplacian. The <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2182_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> boundedness of <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2182_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathscr {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">R</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is connected with the question of removability for Lipschitz harmonic functions. As a corollary of our result, we infer that closed subsets with positive <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2182_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((Q-1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Hausdorff measure (where <i>Q</i> is the homogeneous dimension of <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2182_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {G}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">G</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) of the intrinsic graphs mentioned above are non-removable.</p>

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Singular Integrals on \(C^{1,\alpha }\) Intrinsic Graphs in Step 2 Carnot Groups

  • Vasileios Chousionis,
  • Sean Li,
  • Lingxiao Zhang

摘要

We study singular integral operators induced by Calderón-Zygmund kernels in any step-2 Carnot group \(\mathbb {G}\) G . We show that if such an operator satisfies some natural cancellation conditions then it is \(L^2\) L 2 bounded on all intrinsic graphs of \(C^{1,\alpha }\) C 1 , α functions over vertical hyperplanes that do not have rapid growth at \(\infty \) . In particular, the result applies to the Riesz operator \({\mathscr {R}}\) R induced by the kernel \(\begin{aligned} \textsf{R}(z)= \nabla _{\mathbb {G}} \Gamma (z), \quad z\in \mathbb {G}\backslash \{0\}, \end{aligned}\) R ( z ) = G Γ ( z ) , z G \ { 0 } , the horizontal gradient of the fundamental solution of the sub-Laplacian. The \(L^2\) L 2 boundedness of \({\mathscr {R}}\) R is connected with the question of removability for Lipschitz harmonic functions. As a corollary of our result, we infer that closed subsets with positive \((Q-1)\) ( Q - 1 ) -Hausdorff measure (where Q is the homogeneous dimension of \({\mathbb {G}}\) G ) of the intrinsic graphs mentioned above are non-removable.