<p>In this paper, we introduce (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2139_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {D\diagup SG}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">D</mi> <mi>∕</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">SG</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) correspondence to give a full classification to the critical graphs (topology of Stokes complex) of polynomial quadratic differentials <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2139_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="157" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A\left( z-a\right) \left( z^{2}-1\right) dz^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>z</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mfenced> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mfenced> <mi>d</mi> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on the Riemann sphere <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2139_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\widehat{ \mathbb {C}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="true">^</mo> </mover> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2139_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="113" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left( A,a\right) \in \mathbb {C}^{*}\times \mathbb {C}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mfenced> <mo>∈</mo> <mmultiscripts> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> <mrow /> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> <mo>×</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We prove that the number of short trajectories depends on the location of <i>a</i> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2139_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Xi _{\theta }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi> <mi>θ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, identified as union of certain curves defined in the complex plane as the level sets of some harmonic functions. We point in the "<i>phase transition" </i>on the topology of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2139_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Xi _{\theta }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi> <mi>θ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> which leads to a double <i>"tree case" </i>for some value of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2139_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\arg A\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>arg</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Topology of Stokes Complex Related to a Polynomial Quadratic Differential: Phase Transitions and Number of Short Trajectories

  • Gliia Braek,
  • Mondher Chouikhi,
  • Faouzi Thabet

摘要

In this paper, we introduce ( \(\mathcal {D\diagup SG}\) D SG ) correspondence to give a full classification to the critical graphs (topology of Stokes complex) of polynomial quadratic differentials \(A\left( z-a\right) \left( z^{2}-1\right) dz^{2}\) A z - a z 2 - 1 d z 2 on the Riemann sphere \(\widehat{ \mathbb {C}}\) C ^ , where \(\left( A,a\right) \in \mathbb {C}^{*}\times \mathbb {C}\) A , a C × C . We prove that the number of short trajectories depends on the location of a in \(\Xi _{\theta }\) Ξ θ , identified as union of certain curves defined in the complex plane as the level sets of some harmonic functions. We point in the "phase transition" on the topology of \(\Xi _{\theta }\) Ξ θ which leads to a double "tree case" for some value of \(\arg A\) arg A .