<p>In the first part of this paper, we establish some results around generalized Borel’s Theorem. As an application, in the second part, we construct example of smooth surface of degree <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\ge 19\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>19</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}}^3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> whose complements is hyperbolically embedded in <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}}^3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This improves the previous construction of Shirosaki where the degree bound <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d=31\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> was gave. In the last part, for a Fermat-Waring type hypersurface <i>D</i> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}}^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> defined by the homogeneous polynomial <Equation ID="Equ10"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_Equ10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="48" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \sum _{i=1}^m h_i^d, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </munderover> <msubsup> <mi>h</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <i>m</i>,&#xa0;<i>n</i>,&#xa0;<i>d</i> are positive integers with <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="86" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m\ge 3n-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="118" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\ge m^2-m+1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are homogeneous generic linear forms on <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="34" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {C}^{n+1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, for a <i>nonconstant</i> holomorphic function <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="94" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f:\mathbb {C}\rightarrow {\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}}^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> whose image is not contained in <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="55" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\,\textrm{supp}\,}}D\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>supp</mtext> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> </mrow> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we establish a Second Main Theorem type estimate: <Equation ID="Equ11"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2092_Article_Equ11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="27" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="332" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \big [d-m(m-1)\big ]\,T_f(r)\le N_f^{[m-1]}(r,D)+S_f(r). \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">[</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">]</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>≤</mo> <msubsup> <mi>N</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>This quantifies the hyperbolicity result due to Shiffman-Zaidenberg and Siu-Yeung.</p>

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Some Variants of the Generalized Borel Theorem and Applications

  • Dinh Tuan Huynh

摘要

In the first part of this paper, we establish some results around generalized Borel’s Theorem. As an application, in the second part, we construct example of smooth surface of degree \(d\ge 19\) d 19 in \({\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}}^3\) C P 3 whose complements is hyperbolically embedded in \({\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}}^3\) C P 3 . This improves the previous construction of Shirosaki where the degree bound \(d=31\) d = 31 was gave. In the last part, for a Fermat-Waring type hypersurface D in \({\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}}^n\) C P n defined by the homogeneous polynomial \(\begin{aligned} \sum _{i=1}^m h_i^d, \end{aligned}\) i = 1 m h i d , where mnd are positive integers with \(m\ge 3n-1\) m 3 n - 1 and \(d\ge m^2-m+1\) d m 2 - m + 1 , where \(h_i\) h i are homogeneous generic linear forms on \(\mathbb {C}^{n+1}\) C n + 1 , for a nonconstant holomorphic function \(f:\mathbb {C}\rightarrow {\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}}^n\) f : C C P n whose image is not contained in \({{\,\textrm{supp}\,}}D\) supp D , we establish a Second Main Theorem type estimate: \(\begin{aligned} \big [d-m(m-1)\big ]\,T_f(r)\le N_f^{[m-1]}(r,D)+S_f(r). \end{aligned}\) [ d - m ( m - 1 ) ] T f ( r ) N f [ m - 1 ] ( r , D ) + S f ( r ) . This quantifies the hyperbolicity result due to Shiffman-Zaidenberg and Siu-Yeung.