<p>This paper is concerned with the existence and properties of normalized solutions to the following logarithmic Schrödinger system <Equation ID="Equ80"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_Equ80.gif" Format="GIF" Height="95" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="394" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{aligned}&amp;-\Delta u+\lambda _1 u=\mu _1u\log u^2+\theta \alpha |u|^{\alpha -2}|v|^{\beta }u&amp;\text {in }{{\mathbb {R}}^N},\\&amp;-\Delta v+\lambda _2 v=\mu _2v\log v^2+\theta \beta |v|^{\beta -2}|u|^{\alpha }v&amp;\text {in }{{\mathbb {R}}^N}, \\&amp;\ \int _{{{\mathbb {R}}^N}} \left|u\right|^2 ~\textrm{d} x=a^2 \quad \text { and }\quad \int _{ {{\mathbb {R}}^N}} \left|v\right|^2 ~\textrm{d} x=b^2, \end{aligned} \right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>log</mo> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>β</mi> </msup> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>v</mi> <mo>log</mo> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>α</mi> </msup> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="4pt" /> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </msub> <msup> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <mi>u</mi> </mfenced> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>and</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </msub> <msup> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <mi>v</mi> </mfenced> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>b</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a,b&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="135" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _1,\mu _2, \theta \in {{\mathbb {R}}}\setminus \left\{ 0\right\} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mn>0</mn> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and the exponents <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="92" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha&gt;1,\beta &gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> satisfy the Sobolev critical and subcritical conditions <Equation ID="Equ81"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_Equ81.gif" Format="GIF" Height="43" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="230" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \begin{aligned} 2&lt;\alpha +\beta&lt; \infty , \quad \text {when } N=2,\\ 2 &lt;\alpha +\beta \le 2^*,\quad \text {when } N\ge 3. \end{aligned} \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>when</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>when</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>The parameters <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="73" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda _1, \lambda _2\in {{\mathbb {R}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> will arise as Lagrange multipliers that are not prior given. For the focusing case <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="74" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \mu _1,\mu _2&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we establish various results concerning the existence, multiplicity, and stability/instability of normalized solutions when <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, we demonstrate that as <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta \rightarrow 0^+\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, these normalized solutions of the logarithmic Schrödinger system converge to constant multiples of a specific solution with physical significance, known as the <i>Gausson</i>, which is the unique positive ground state solution of the logarithmic scalar field equation <Equation ID="Equ82"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_Equ82.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="278" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} -\Delta u = u\log u^2~~~\text {in }{{\mathbb {R}}^N}, \ \ u \in H^1({{\mathbb {R}}}^N). \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>log</mo> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>H</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>Besides, we also give a criteria for global existence and finite time blow-up in the associated dispersive system. Finally, for the defocusing case <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="74" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \mu _1,\mu _2&lt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we prove a nonexistence result when <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta &lt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and find a radially symmetric sign-changing normalized solution when <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_2053_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This paper combines several approaches and gives a rather complete picture of the logarithmic Schrödinger system.</p>

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Normalized Solution for the Logarithmic Schrödinger System

  • Tianhao Liu,
  • Xueqin Peng,
  • Wenming Zou

摘要

This paper is concerned with the existence and properties of normalized solutions to the following logarithmic Schrödinger system \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{aligned}&-\Delta u+\lambda _1 u=\mu _1u\log u^2+\theta \alpha |u|^{\alpha -2}|v|^{\beta }u&\text {in }{{\mathbb {R}}^N},\\&-\Delta v+\lambda _2 v=\mu _2v\log v^2+\theta \beta |v|^{\beta -2}|u|^{\alpha }v&\text {in }{{\mathbb {R}}^N}, \\&\ \int _{{{\mathbb {R}}^N}} \left|u\right|^2 ~\textrm{d} x=a^2 \quad \text { and }\quad \int _{ {{\mathbb {R}}^N}} \left|v\right|^2 ~\textrm{d} x=b^2, \end{aligned} \right. \end{aligned}\) - Δ u + λ 1 u = μ 1 u log u 2 + θ α | u | α - 2 | v | β u in R N , - Δ v + λ 2 v = μ 2 v log v 2 + θ β | v | β - 2 | u | α v in R N , R N u 2 d x = a 2 and R N v 2 d x = b 2 , where \(N\ge 2\) N 2 , \(a,b>0\) a , b > 0 , \(\mu _1,\mu _2, \theta \in {{\mathbb {R}}}\setminus \left\{ 0\right\} \) μ 1 , μ 2 , θ R \ 0 , and the exponents \(\alpha>1,\beta >1\) α > 1 , β > 1 satisfy the Sobolev critical and subcritical conditions \(\begin{aligned} \begin{aligned} 2<\alpha +\beta< \infty , \quad \text {when } N=2,\\ 2 <\alpha +\beta \le 2^*,\quad \text {when } N\ge 3. \end{aligned} \end{aligned}\) 2 < α + β < , when N = 2 , 2 < α + β 2 , when N 3 . The parameters \(\lambda _1, \lambda _2\in {{\mathbb {R}}}\) λ 1 , λ 2 R will arise as Lagrange multipliers that are not prior given. For the focusing case \( \mu _1,\mu _2>0\) μ 1 , μ 2 > 0 , we establish various results concerning the existence, multiplicity, and stability/instability of normalized solutions when \(\theta >0\) θ > 0 . Furthermore, we demonstrate that as \(\theta \rightarrow 0^+\) θ 0 + , these normalized solutions of the logarithmic Schrödinger system converge to constant multiples of a specific solution with physical significance, known as the Gausson, which is the unique positive ground state solution of the logarithmic scalar field equation \(\begin{aligned} -\Delta u = u\log u^2~~~\text {in }{{\mathbb {R}}^N}, \ \ u \in H^1({{\mathbb {R}}}^N). \end{aligned}\) - Δ u = u log u 2 in R N , u H 1 ( R N ) . Besides, we also give a criteria for global existence and finite time blow-up in the associated dispersive system. Finally, for the defocusing case \( \mu _1,\mu _2<0\) μ 1 , μ 2 < 0 , we prove a nonexistence result when \(\theta <0\) θ < 0 and find a radially symmetric sign-changing normalized solution when \(\theta >0\) θ > 0 . This paper combines several approaches and gives a rather complete picture of the logarithmic Schrödinger system.