<p>This article establishes an interior gradient higher integrability result for weak solutions to parabolic multi-phase problems. The prototype equation for the parabolic multi-phase problem of <i>p</i>-Laplace type is given by <Equation ID="Equ109"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1950_Article_Equ109.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="446" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} u_t - \operatorname {div} \left( |\nabla u|^{p-2} \nabla u + a(z) |\nabla u|^{q-2} \nabla u + b(z) |\nabla u|^{s-2} \nabla u \right) = 0, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>div</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> </mfenced> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1950_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="160" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{2n}{n+2}&lt; p \le q \le s &lt; \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and the coefficients <i>a</i>(<i>z</i>) and <i>b</i>(<i>z</i>) are non-negative Hölder continuous functions on <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1950_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="117" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega _T = \Omega \times (0, T)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, with <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1950_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="55" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We introduce a novel intrinsic scaling to address the problem in both the degenerate regime (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1950_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p \ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and the singular regime <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1950_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="112" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left( \frac{2n}{n+2}&lt; p &lt; 2\right) ,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> providing a unified framework. Our approach involves proving uniform parabolic Sobolev–Poincaré inequalities, which are key to establishing reverse Hölder type inequalities, along with covering lemmas for the <i>p</i>, (<i>p</i>,&#xa0;<i>q</i>), (<i>p</i>,&#xa0;<i>s</i>), and (<i>p</i>,&#xa0;<i>q</i>,&#xa0;<i>s</i>)-phases without distinguishing between the regimes of <i>p</i>, <i>q</i>, and <i>s</i>. In the end, we also discuss the gradient higher integrability for general parabolic multi-phase problem involving a finite number of phases.</p>

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Gradient Higher Integrability for Degenerate/Singular Parabolic Multi-phase Problems

  • Abhrojyoti Sen

摘要

This article establishes an interior gradient higher integrability result for weak solutions to parabolic multi-phase problems. The prototype equation for the parabolic multi-phase problem of p-Laplace type is given by \(\begin{aligned} u_t - \operatorname {div} \left( |\nabla u|^{p-2} \nabla u + a(z) |\nabla u|^{q-2} \nabla u + b(z) |\nabla u|^{s-2} \nabla u \right) = 0, \end{aligned}\) u t - div | u | p - 2 u + a ( z ) | u | q - 2 u + b ( z ) | u | s - 2 u = 0 , where \(\frac{2n}{n+2}< p \le q \le s < \infty \) 2 n n + 2 < p q s < , and the coefficients a(z) and b(z) are non-negative Hölder continuous functions on \(\Omega _T = \Omega \times (0, T)\) Ω T = Ω × ( 0 , T ) , with \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n\) Ω R n . We introduce a novel intrinsic scaling to address the problem in both the degenerate regime ( \(p \ge 2\) p 2 ) and the singular regime \(\left( \frac{2n}{n+2}< p < 2\right) ,\) 2 n n + 2 < p < 2 , providing a unified framework. Our approach involves proving uniform parabolic Sobolev–Poincaré inequalities, which are key to establishing reverse Hölder type inequalities, along with covering lemmas for the p, (pq), (ps), and (pqs)-phases without distinguishing between the regimes of p, q, and s. In the end, we also discuss the gradient higher integrability for general parabolic multi-phase problem involving a finite number of phases.