<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1932_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((X,d,\mu )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman–Weiss, which satisfies a <i>n</i>-doubling property with <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1932_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n&gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and supports an <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1932_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Poincaré inequality. Consider the time independent Schrödinger operator <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1932_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="87" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathscr {L}=\mathcal {L}+V\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on <i>X</i>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1932_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {L}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a non-negative operator generalized by a Dirichlet form, and <i>V</i> is a non-negative Muckenhoupt weight which admits a reverse Hölder inequality of order <i>q</i> for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1932_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="125" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q&gt;\max \{1,n/2\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mo movablelimits="true">max</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Without the <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1932_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-regularity hypothesis, we derive that a solution <i>u</i> to the parabolic Schrödinger equation <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1932_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="103" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\partial _tu+\mathscr {L}u=0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1932_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X\times \mathbb {R}_+\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>X</mi> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> satisfies the Carleson measure condition <Equation ID="Equ16"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1932_Article_Equ16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="50" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="472" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \sup _{B(x_B,r_B)}\frac{1}{\mu (B(x_B,r_B))}\int _{0}^{r^2_B}\int _{B(x_B,r_B)}(|t\partial _tu|^2+|\sqrt{t}\nabla _x u|^2)\textrm{d}\mu \frac{\textrm{d}t}{t}&lt;\infty \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true">sup</mo> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </munder> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <msubsup> <mi>r</mi> <mi>B</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </msubsup> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msqrt> <mi>t</mi> </msqrt> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mi>t</mi> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>if and only if <i>u</i> can be represented as the Gaussian integral of a <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2025_1932_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="57" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{BMO}_\mathscr {L}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>BMO</mtext> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-function <i>f</i>. As an application, some limiting behaviors of the Carleson measure/BMO function are also considered.</p>

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Carleson Measure Characterization of Solutions to the Heat Equation with a Potential from the Reverse Hölder Class

  • Bo Li,
  • Bolin Ma,
  • Chao Zhang

摘要

Let \((X,d,\mu )\) ( X , d , μ ) be a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman–Weiss, which satisfies a n-doubling property with \(n>1\) n > 1 , and supports an \(L^2\) L 2 -Poincaré inequality. Consider the time independent Schrödinger operator \(\mathscr {L}=\mathcal {L}+V\) L = L + V on X, where \(\mathcal {L}\) L is a non-negative operator generalized by a Dirichlet form, and V is a non-negative Muckenhoupt weight which admits a reverse Hölder inequality of order q for some \(q>\max \{1,n/2\}\) q > max { 1 , n / 2 } . Without the \(C^1\) C 1 -regularity hypothesis, we derive that a solution u to the parabolic Schrödinger equation \(\partial _tu+\mathscr {L}u=0\) t u + L u = 0 on \(X\times \mathbb {R}_+\) X × R + satisfies the Carleson measure condition \(\begin{aligned} \sup _{B(x_B,r_B)}\frac{1}{\mu (B(x_B,r_B))}\int _{0}^{r^2_B}\int _{B(x_B,r_B)}(|t\partial _tu|^2+|\sqrt{t}\nabla _x u|^2)\textrm{d}\mu \frac{\textrm{d}t}{t}<\infty \end{aligned}\) sup B ( x B , r B ) 1 μ ( B ( x B , r B ) ) 0 r B 2 B ( x B , r B ) ( | t t u | 2 + | t x u | 2 ) d μ d t t < if and only if u can be represented as the Gaussian integral of a \(\textrm{BMO}_\mathscr {L}\) BMO L -function f. As an application, some limiting behaviors of the Carleson measure/BMO function are also considered.