<p>In the present paper, we investigate the existence, multiplicity and concentration of normalized solutions to the following fractional Schrödinger equation with potential <Equation ID="Equ21"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1897_Article_Equ21.gif" Format="GIF" Height="44" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="316" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (-\Delta )^s u+V(\varepsilon x)u+\lambda u=f(u), \ x \ \in \mathbb {R}^N,\\ \int _{\mathbb {R}^N}|u|^2dx=a^2,\\ \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ε</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi>x</mi> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1897_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt;s&lt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1897_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1897_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a, \ \varepsilon &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi>ε</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1897_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="101" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V \in C(\mathbb {R}^N, \mathbb {R})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a local potential, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1897_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an unknown parameter that will appear as a Lagrange multiplier, <i>f</i> is a mass subcritical and Sobolev subcritical nonlinearity. Under fairly general assumptions about <i>f</i> and a local condition about <i>V</i>, with the aid of the penalization method, minimization techniques and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann category theory, we study the relation between the numbers of normalized solutions and the topology of the set where the potential <i>V</i> attains its minimum value.</p>

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Multiple Normalized Solutions for Fractional Schrödinger Equations with Lack of Compactness

  • Quanqing Li,
  • Jianjun Nie,
  • Wen Zhang

摘要

In the present paper, we investigate the existence, multiplicity and concentration of normalized solutions to the following fractional Schrödinger equation with potential \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (-\Delta )^s u+V(\varepsilon x)u+\lambda u=f(u), \ x \ \in \mathbb {R}^N,\\ \int _{\mathbb {R}^N}|u|^2dx=a^2,\\ \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\) ( - Δ ) s u + V ( ε x ) u + λ u = f ( u ) , x R N , R N | u | 2 d x = a 2 , where \(0<s<1\) 0 < s < 1 , \(N\ge 2\) N 2 , \(a, \ \varepsilon >0\) a , ε > 0 , \(V \in C(\mathbb {R}^N, \mathbb {R})\) V C ( R N , R ) is a local potential, \(\lambda \) λ is an unknown parameter that will appear as a Lagrange multiplier, f is a mass subcritical and Sobolev subcritical nonlinearity. Under fairly general assumptions about f and a local condition about V, with the aid of the penalization method, minimization techniques and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann category theory, we study the relation between the numbers of normalized solutions and the topology of the set where the potential V attains its minimum value.