<p>We introduce and explore new notions of pressure of multipotentials <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="86" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Phi = (\varphi _j)_{j \in \Omega }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>φ</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> along arbitrary sets of trajectories <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="98" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal Y \subset \Sigma _\Omega ^+ \times X\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">Y</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msubsup> <mo>×</mo> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for semigroups generated by a set <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="92" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_1 = (f_j)_{j \in \Omega }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of continuous maps on a compact metric space <i>X</i>. The most useful among them is the amalgamated pressure <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="96" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(P^A(\Phi , \mathcal Y, G_1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>P</mi> <mi>A</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">Y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Amalgamated pressure is applied to formulas or estimates for Hausdorff dimension. First if <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a finite set of conformal maps on a metric space <i>X</i>, we obtain a formula for <i>HD</i>(<i>Y</i>) for sets <i>Y</i> on which the <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Lyapunov exponents are positive. In particular, this gives a formula for <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="96" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(HD(J_f \cap J_g)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>H</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>J</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mo>∩</mo> <msub> <mi>J</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> if <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(J_f, J_g\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>J</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>J</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are conformal repellers in <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb R^k\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with non-empty intersection. This applies also to semigroups generated by parabolic maps. We obtain the dimension of the projection set <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the set <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal G_\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">G</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of generic trajectories for a <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-expanding measure <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="61" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Sigma _\Omega ^+ \times X\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msubsup> <mo>×</mo> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Next we study the case when <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a finite set of <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal C^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> maps on a manifold <i>M</i> and there exist <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-partial stable and unstable cone fields on a compact set <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq18.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For a non-uniformly hyperbolic subset <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq19.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Y \subset \Lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> we apply the amalgamated pressure of the unstable multipotential <InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq20.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Phi ^u\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mi>u</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, to estimate the Hausdorff dimension of the slices through <i>Y</i> with arbitrary submanifolds transversal to stable cones. We introduce then a measure-theoretic amalgamated entropy <InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq21.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="70" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h^A(\mu , G_1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mi>A</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>G</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for the marginal measure of any <i>F</i>-invariant ergodic measure <InlineEquation ID="IEq22"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq22.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on <InlineEquation ID="IEq23"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1880_Article_IEq23.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="61" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Sigma _\Omega ^+ \times X\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msubsup> <mo>×</mo> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and prove a partial Variational Principle for the amalgamated pressure. Semigroups of toral endomorphisms are studied also, and computations are provided. We obtain also a new notion of pressure for random dynamical systems and random potentials.</p>

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Amalgamated Pressure of Multipotentials for Semigroups

  • Eugen Mihailescu

摘要

We introduce and explore new notions of pressure of multipotentials \(\Phi = (\varphi _j)_{j \in \Omega }\) Φ = ( φ j ) j Ω along arbitrary sets of trajectories \(\mathcal Y \subset \Sigma _\Omega ^+ \times X\) Y Σ Ω + × X for semigroups generated by a set \(G_1 = (f_j)_{j \in \Omega }\) G 1 = ( f j ) j Ω of continuous maps on a compact metric space X. The most useful among them is the amalgamated pressure \(P^A(\Phi , \mathcal Y, G_1)\) P A ( Φ , Y , G 1 ) . Amalgamated pressure is applied to formulas or estimates for Hausdorff dimension. First if \(G_1\) G 1 is a finite set of conformal maps on a metric space X, we obtain a formula for HD(Y) for sets Y on which the \(G_1\) G 1 -Lyapunov exponents are positive. In particular, this gives a formula for \(HD(J_f \cap J_g)\) H D ( J f J g ) if \(J_f, J_g\) J f , J g are conformal repellers in \(\mathbb R^k\) R k with non-empty intersection. This applies also to semigroups generated by parabolic maps. We obtain the dimension of the projection set \(G_\mu \) G μ of the set \(\mathcal G_\mu \) G μ of generic trajectories for a \(G_1\) G 1 -expanding measure \(\mu \) μ on \(\Sigma _\Omega ^+ \times X\) Σ Ω + × X . Next we study the case when \(G_1\) G 1 is a finite set of \(\mathcal C^2\) C 2 maps on a manifold M and there exist \(G_1\) G 1 -partial stable and unstable cone fields on a compact set \(\Lambda \) Λ . For a non-uniformly hyperbolic subset \(Y \subset \Lambda \) Y Λ we apply the amalgamated pressure of the unstable multipotential \(\Phi ^u\) Φ u , to estimate the Hausdorff dimension of the slices through Y with arbitrary submanifolds transversal to stable cones. We introduce then a measure-theoretic amalgamated entropy \(h^A(\mu , G_1)\) h A ( μ , G 1 ) for the marginal measure of any F-invariant ergodic measure \(\mu \) μ on \(\Sigma _\Omega ^+ \times X\) Σ Ω + × X , and prove a partial Variational Principle for the amalgamated pressure. Semigroups of toral endomorphisms are studied also, and computations are provided. We obtain also a new notion of pressure for random dynamical systems and random potentials.