<p>This paper is devoted to establishing the classification of solutions for two mixed order conformally invariant systems involving fractional Laplacian. Firstly, we consider the planar system with exponential nonlinearity: <Equation ID="Equ136"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1876_Article_Equ136.gif" Format="GIF" Height="76" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="306" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{aligned}&amp;(-\Delta )^{s}u=e^{pv} &amp; \text { in }\, {\mathbb {R}}^{2},\\&amp;-\Delta v=u^{\frac{2}{1-s}} &amp; \text { in }\, {\mathbb {R}}^{2},\\ &amp;u\ge 0 &amp; \text { in }\, {\mathbb {R}}^{2}, \end{aligned} \right. \qquad \qquad \qquad (0.1) \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">pv</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </msup> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0.1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1876_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="66" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s\in (0,1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1876_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="77" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p\in (0,\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Under the finite total curvature condition <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1876_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="26" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="98" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\int _{{\mathbb {R}}^{2}}u^{\frac{2}{1-s}} &lt;\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </msub> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </msup> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the asymptotic behavior <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1876_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u(x)=O(|x|^{\sigma })\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>σ</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at infinity for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1876_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \gg 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>≫</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> arbitrarily large, we prove the classification of classical solutions to the system (0.1) without imposing any assumptions on <i>v</i>. Secondly, we study the mixed order conformally invariant system involving higher order fractional Laplacian in <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1876_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {R}}^{n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>: <Equation ID="Equ137"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1876_Article_Equ137.gif" Format="GIF" Height="85" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="322" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{aligned}&amp;(-\Delta )^{s}u=v^{\frac{n+2s}{n-2}} &amp; \text { in }\, {\mathbb {R}}^{n},\\&amp;-\Delta v=u^{\frac{n+2}{n-2s}} &amp; \text { in }\, {\mathbb {R}}^{n},\\ &amp;u\ge 0, v\ge 0 &amp; \text { in }\, {\mathbb {R}}^{n}, \end{aligned} \right. \qquad \qquad \qquad (0.2) \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </msup> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </msup> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0.2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1876_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1876_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s\in \big (0,\frac{n}{2}\big )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Classification result of nonnegative classical solutions to the system (0.2) is also proved. Finally, we establish a Liouville theorem for the system (0.2) in both the critical case <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1876_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s=\frac{n}{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the supercritical case <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1876_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s&gt;\frac{n}{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mfrac> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Our proofs make use of the method of moving spheres in the corresponding integral systems.</p>

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Classification of Solutions for Mixed Order Conformally Invariant Systems Involving Fractional Laplacian

  • Ruixue Kong,
  • Miaomiao Niu,
  • Heming Wang,
  • Xiaohui Zhou

摘要

This paper is devoted to establishing the classification of solutions for two mixed order conformally invariant systems involving fractional Laplacian. Firstly, we consider the planar system with exponential nonlinearity: \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{aligned}&(-\Delta )^{s}u=e^{pv} & \text { in }\, {\mathbb {R}}^{2},\\&-\Delta v=u^{\frac{2}{1-s}} & \text { in }\, {\mathbb {R}}^{2},\\ &u\ge 0 & \text { in }\, {\mathbb {R}}^{2}, \end{aligned} \right. \qquad \qquad \qquad (0.1) \end{aligned}\) ( - Δ ) s u = e pv in R 2 , - Δ v = u 2 1 - s in R 2 , u 0 in R 2 , ( 0.1 ) where \(s\in (0,1)\) s ( 0 , 1 ) and \(p\in (0,\infty )\) p ( 0 , ) . Under the finite total curvature condition \(\int _{{\mathbb {R}}^{2}}u^{\frac{2}{1-s}} <\infty \) R 2 u 2 1 - s < and the asymptotic behavior \(u(x)=O(|x|^{\sigma })\) u ( x ) = O ( | x | σ ) at infinity for some \(\sigma \gg 1\) σ 1 arbitrarily large, we prove the classification of classical solutions to the system (0.1) without imposing any assumptions on v. Secondly, we study the mixed order conformally invariant system involving higher order fractional Laplacian in \({\mathbb {R}}^{n}\) R n : \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{aligned}&(-\Delta )^{s}u=v^{\frac{n+2s}{n-2}} & \text { in }\, {\mathbb {R}}^{n},\\&-\Delta v=u^{\frac{n+2}{n-2s}} & \text { in }\, {\mathbb {R}}^{n},\\ &u\ge 0, v\ge 0 & \text { in }\, {\mathbb {R}}^{n}, \end{aligned} \right. \qquad \qquad \qquad (0.2) \end{aligned}\) ( - Δ ) s u = v n + 2 s n - 2 in R n , - Δ v = u n + 2 n - 2 s in R n , u 0 , v 0 in R n , ( 0.2 ) where \(n\ge 3\) n 3 and \(s\in \big (0,\frac{n}{2}\big )\) s ( 0 , n 2 ) . Classification result of nonnegative classical solutions to the system (0.2) is also proved. Finally, we establish a Liouville theorem for the system (0.2) in both the critical case \(s=\frac{n}{2}\) s = n 2 and the supercritical case \(s>\frac{n}{2}\) s > n 2 . Our proofs make use of the method of moving spheres in the corresponding integral systems.