<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="55" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb {R}^{d}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be open, <i>A</i> a complex uniformly strictly accretive <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\times d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> matrix-valued function on <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="26" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^{\infty }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> coefficients, <i>b</i> and <i>c</i> two <i>d</i>-dimensional vector-valued functions on <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="26" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^{\infty }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> coefficients and <i>V</i> a locally integrable nonnegative function on <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Consider the operator <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="334" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\mathscr {L}}}^{A,b,c,V}=-\textrm{div}\,(A\nabla \cdot ) + \left\langle \nabla , \overline{b}\right\rangle - \textrm{div}\,(c \, \cdot ) + V \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mtext>div</mtext> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mfenced close="〉" open="〈"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mover> <mi>b</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </mfenced> <mo>-</mo> <mtext>div</mtext> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mo>·</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with mixed boundary conditions on <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We extend the bilinear inequality that Carbonaro and Dragičević proved in [Bilinear embedding for Schrödinger-type operators with complex coefficients. Publ. Mat. (to appear)] in the special cases when <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="68" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b=c = 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, previously proved in (Calc Var Part Differ Equ 59(3):36, Paper No. 104, 2020) when <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="45" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V=0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as well. As a consequence, we obtain that the solution to the parabolic problem <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="189" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u^{\prime }(t)+{{\mathscr {L}}}^{A,b,c,V}u(t)=f(t)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="61" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u(0)=0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, has maximal regularity in <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^{p}(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p&gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <i>A</i> satisfies the <i>p</i>-ellipticity condition that Carbonaro and Dragičević introduced in (J Eur Math Soc 22(10):3175–3221, 2020) and <i>b</i>,&#xa0;<i>c</i>,&#xa0;<i>V</i> satisfy another condition that we introduce in this paper. Roughly speaking, <i>V</i> has to be “big” with respect to <i>b</i> and <i>c</i>. We do not impose any conditions on <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, in particular, we do not assume any regularity of <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12220_2024_1868_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\partial \Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, nor the existence of a Sobolev embedding.</p>

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Bilinear Embedding for Perturbed Divergence-Form Operator with Complex Coefficients on Irregular Domains

  • Andrea Poggio

摘要

Let \(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb {R}^{d}\) Ω R d be open, A a complex uniformly strictly accretive \(d\times d\) d × d matrix-valued function on \(\Omega \) Ω with \(L^{\infty }\) L coefficients, b and c two d-dimensional vector-valued functions on \(\Omega \) Ω with \(L^{\infty }\) L coefficients and V a locally integrable nonnegative function on \(\Omega \) Ω . Consider the operator \({{\mathscr {L}}}^{A,b,c,V}=-\textrm{div}\,(A\nabla \cdot ) + \left\langle \nabla , \overline{b}\right\rangle - \textrm{div}\,(c \, \cdot ) + V \) L A , b , c , V = - div ( A · ) + , b ¯ - div ( c · ) + V with mixed boundary conditions on \(\Omega \) Ω . We extend the bilinear inequality that Carbonaro and Dragičević proved in [Bilinear embedding for Schrödinger-type operators with complex coefficients. Publ. Mat. (to appear)] in the special cases when \(b=c = 0\) b = c = 0 , previously proved in (Calc Var Part Differ Equ 59(3):36, Paper No. 104, 2020) when \(V=0\) V = 0 as well. As a consequence, we obtain that the solution to the parabolic problem \(u^{\prime }(t)+{{\mathscr {L}}}^{A,b,c,V}u(t)=f(t)\) u ( t ) + L A , b , c , V u ( t ) = f ( t ) , \(u(0)=0\) u ( 0 ) = 0 , has maximal regularity in \(L^{p}(\Omega )\) L p ( Ω ) , for all \(p>1\) p > 1 such that A satisfies the p-ellipticity condition that Carbonaro and Dragičević introduced in (J Eur Math Soc 22(10):3175–3221, 2020) and bcV satisfy another condition that we introduce in this paper. Roughly speaking, V has to be “big” with respect to b and c. We do not impose any conditions on \(\Omega \) Ω , in particular, we do not assume any regularity of \(\partial \Omega \) Ω , nor the existence of a Sobolev embedding.