Exploring Enhanced Heat Transfer in a Ventilated Cavity through Thermal Vibration-Induced Convection: Under Microgravity and Terrestrial Conditions

An integration of both passive and active techniques to enhance the heat exchange has emerged as a promising research area over the past few decades. Our present investigation focuses on the heat exchange due to thermal convection in a square cavity driven by a channel, utilizing ternary hybrid nanofluid. The governing equations were derived from the averaged formulations describing thermal vibrational convection, illustrated using the vorticity of the mean velocity and stream functions relevant to both the mean and fluctuating flows. The influence of vibration on the system is quantified using a dimensionless vibration factor, denoted as Gershuni number (Gs), which is proportional to the ratio of the mean vibrational buoyancy force to the product of momentum and thermal diffusivities. All computations were conducted with fixed values of the Prandtl number (Pr = 6.1) and Reynolds number (Re = 100). The influence of physical parameters, including the Grashof number ( \(10^3 \le Gr \le 10^6\) ${10}^3\le Gr\le {10}^6$ ), Gershuni number ( \(10^3 \le Gs \le 10^6\) ${10}^3\le Gs\le {10}^6$ ), and volume fraction of nanomaterials ( \(0\% \le \Phi \le 4\%\) $0\%\le \mathrm{\Phi }\le 4\%$ ), particularly under two scenarios: microgravity ( \(Gr= 0\) $Gr=0$ ) and terrestrial conditions, on the streamlines for both the mean and fluctuating flows, isotherms, and mean Nusselt number are discussed graphically. Numerical results indicate that an increase of Grashof number boosts heat exchange by 250% under buoyancy effects. Elevating nanomaterial volume fractions enhances thermal conductivity, increasing heat exchange by 30%. However, heightened thermal vibration reduces heat exchange.