<p>In this paper, we consider the following problem&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0; <Equation ID="Equ24"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12215_2025_1194_Article_Equ24.gif" Format="GIF" Height="75" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="464" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (-\Delta )^s u =\lambda \vert u\vert ^{q-2} u+\left( \displaystyle \int _{\Omega } \frac{\vert u(y)\vert ^{2_{\mu ,s}^{*}}}{\vert x-y\vert ^{\mu }} d y\right) \vert u\vert ^{2_{\mu ,s}^{*}-2} u, &amp; \text{ in } \Omega , \\ u =0, &amp; \text{ on } {\mathbb {R}}^{N}\backslash \Omega , \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <mfrac> <mmultiscripts> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow /> <mmultiscripts> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </mmultiscripts> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>μ</mi> </msup> </mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mfenced> <mmultiscripts> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow /> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>on</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="true">\</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12215_2025_1194_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an open bounded set with continuous boundary in <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12215_2025_1194_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="89" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {R}}^{N}(N \ge 4s)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12215_2025_1194_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="82" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt;\mu &lt;N\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12215_2025_1194_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="84" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2_{\mu ,s}^{*}=\frac{2 N-\mu }{N- 2\,s}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12215_2025_1194_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="72" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q \in \left[ 2,2_s^{*}\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="["> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mmultiscripts> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12215_2025_1194_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="72" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2_s^{*}=\frac{2 N}{N- 2s}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Using the Nehari manifold and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann category, we relate the number of positive solutions of the above problem to the topology of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12215_2025_1194_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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A multiplicity result via Ljusternik–Schnirelmann category for a fractional equation involving Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev critical exponent

  • Rachid Echarghaoui,
  • Mohamed Belhaj Kharmoudi,
  • Moussa Khouakhi,
  • Mohamed Masmodi

摘要

In this paper, we consider the following problem                                     \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (-\Delta )^s u =\lambda \vert u\vert ^{q-2} u+\left( \displaystyle \int _{\Omega } \frac{\vert u(y)\vert ^{2_{\mu ,s}^{*}}}{\vert x-y\vert ^{\mu }} d y\right) \vert u\vert ^{2_{\mu ,s}^{*}-2} u, & \text{ in } \Omega , \\ u =0, & \text{ on } {\mathbb {R}}^{N}\backslash \Omega , \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\) ( - Δ ) s u = λ | u | q - 2 u + Ω | u ( y ) | 2 μ , s | x - y | μ d y | u | 2 μ , s - 2 u , in Ω , u = 0 , on R N \ Ω , where \(\Omega \) Ω is an open bounded set with continuous boundary in \({\mathbb {R}}^{N}(N \ge 4s)\) R N ( N 4 s ) , \(0<\mu <N\) 0 < μ < N , \(2_{\mu ,s}^{*}=\frac{2 N-\mu }{N- 2\,s}\) 2 μ , s = 2 N - μ N - 2 s and \(q \in \left[ 2,2_s^{*}\right) \) q 2 , 2 s where \(2_s^{*}=\frac{2 N}{N- 2s}\) 2 s = 2 N N - 2 s . Using the Nehari manifold and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann category, we relate the number of positive solutions of the above problem to the topology of \(\Omega \) Ω .