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<p>Monitoring atmospheric variability over long timescales is essential for assessing the trajectory of global climate change and evaluating the effectiveness of environmental mitigation strategies. This study investigates four decades (1980–2024) of global near-surface air temperature at the 1000 hPa level and total column ozone concentrations using NASA’s MERRA-2 reanalysis dataset. Seasonal analyses—covering winter (DJF), spring (MAM), summer (JJA), and autumn (SON)—reveal a consistent warming trend in near-surface temperatures, with the most pronounced increase occurring during winter, while summer temperatures remain comparatively stable. Concurrently, ozone concentrations exhibit signs of seasonal recovery, particularly during DJF and SON, reflecting the long-term effectiveness of international initiatives such as the Montreal Protocol. These improvements are most evident at higher latitudes and gradually weaken toward equatorial regions, consistent with established stratospheric circulation processes. The findings underscore the value of high-resolution reanalysis data in advancing climate research and highlight the necessity of sustained global cooperation to address climate risks and promote effective environmental governance.</p>

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Tracing the global climate footprint: four decades of evolving air temperature and ozone dynamics (1980–2024) using satellite-based MERRA-2 data

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Tao Tang,
  • Amnah A. Alasgah,
  • Imran Ahmad,
  • Mithas Ahmad Dar,
  • Bojana Aleksova,
  • Youssef M. Youssef

摘要

Monitoring atmospheric variability over long timescales is essential for assessing the trajectory of global climate change and evaluating the effectiveness of environmental mitigation strategies. This study investigates four decades (1980–2024) of global near-surface air temperature at the 1000 hPa level and total column ozone concentrations using NASA’s MERRA-2 reanalysis dataset. Seasonal analyses—covering winter (DJF), spring (MAM), summer (JJA), and autumn (SON)—reveal a consistent warming trend in near-surface temperatures, with the most pronounced increase occurring during winter, while summer temperatures remain comparatively stable. Concurrently, ozone concentrations exhibit signs of seasonal recovery, particularly during DJF and SON, reflecting the long-term effectiveness of international initiatives such as the Montreal Protocol. These improvements are most evident at higher latitudes and gradually weaken toward equatorial regions, consistent with established stratospheric circulation processes. The findings underscore the value of high-resolution reanalysis data in advancing climate research and highlight the necessity of sustained global cooperation to address climate risks and promote effective environmental governance.