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<p>In the past 10 years, Ethiopia has witnessed a pronounced intensification of soil degradation, threatening both agricultural sustainability and environmental stability. To address this concern, the present study employs a GIS-integrated revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) framework to spatially analyze and quantify soil erosion dynamics throughout the country between 2010 and 2020. The model synthesizes multi-source remote sensing and geospatial datasets—rainfall erosivity (CHIRPS), soil erodibility (FAO Soil Grids), terrain slope (DEMs), and land cover variations (NDVI and satellite imagery)—to detect temporal changes in erosion intensity. National rates of soil loss increased from 0.07–34.85 t/ha/year in 2010 to 0.09–59.9 t/ha/year in 2020, with a mean national rise of 6.21 t/ha/year. The Amhara region emerged as the most severely affected, with mean rates surging from 10.00 to 16.52 t/ha/year, followed by Addis Ababa (4.32 to 9.23 t/ha/year) and Tigray (5.93 to 6.68 t/ha/year). Sediment export nearly doubled, rising from 0.08–9.89 t/ha/year to 0.08–20.24 t/ha/year, while deposition rates increased from 0.21–17.89 t/ha/year to 0.20–30.06 t/ha/year, indicating intensified downstream sedimentation and reservoir siltation. Spatial analysis identified erosion hotspots in steep-slope zones and regions undergoing rapid land-use change, particularly where cropland expanded by over 15% in Amhara. Validation against sediment yield data from the Blue Nile Basin confirmed model robustness, with uncertainty analysis supporting the reliability of predictions. To counteract these trends, the study proposes region-specific conservation strategies: check dams in highland catchments, stream bunds in low-slope riparian zones, contour trenching on slopes up to 10%, and agroforestry in transitional landscapes with 3–5% gradients. These interventions are designed to reduce runoff velocity, enhance infiltration, and stabilize soil structure—ultimately fostering long-term resilience in Ethiopia’s agro-ecological systems.</p>

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Decadal soil erosion dynamics under climate variability over Ethiopia: insights from multi-source geospatial and remote sensing analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Imran Ahmad,
  • Amnah A. Alasgah,
  • Mithas Ahmad Dar,
  • Zinabie Mekonnen Taye,
  • Faten Nahas,
  • Shewaye Amakelew,
  • Marye Belete,
  • Mezid Kassa Abebe,
  • Getachew Fentaw,
  • Milashu Sisay,
  • Getanew Sewnetu Zewdu,
  • Youssef M. Youssef

摘要

In the past 10 years, Ethiopia has witnessed a pronounced intensification of soil degradation, threatening both agricultural sustainability and environmental stability. To address this concern, the present study employs a GIS-integrated revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) framework to spatially analyze and quantify soil erosion dynamics throughout the country between 2010 and 2020. The model synthesizes multi-source remote sensing and geospatial datasets—rainfall erosivity (CHIRPS), soil erodibility (FAO Soil Grids), terrain slope (DEMs), and land cover variations (NDVI and satellite imagery)—to detect temporal changes in erosion intensity. National rates of soil loss increased from 0.07–34.85 t/ha/year in 2010 to 0.09–59.9 t/ha/year in 2020, with a mean national rise of 6.21 t/ha/year. The Amhara region emerged as the most severely affected, with mean rates surging from 10.00 to 16.52 t/ha/year, followed by Addis Ababa (4.32 to 9.23 t/ha/year) and Tigray (5.93 to 6.68 t/ha/year). Sediment export nearly doubled, rising from 0.08–9.89 t/ha/year to 0.08–20.24 t/ha/year, while deposition rates increased from 0.21–17.89 t/ha/year to 0.20–30.06 t/ha/year, indicating intensified downstream sedimentation and reservoir siltation. Spatial analysis identified erosion hotspots in steep-slope zones and regions undergoing rapid land-use change, particularly where cropland expanded by over 15% in Amhara. Validation against sediment yield data from the Blue Nile Basin confirmed model robustness, with uncertainty analysis supporting the reliability of predictions. To counteract these trends, the study proposes region-specific conservation strategies: check dams in highland catchments, stream bunds in low-slope riparian zones, contour trenching on slopes up to 10%, and agroforestry in transitional landscapes with 3–5% gradients. These interventions are designed to reduce runoff velocity, enhance infiltration, and stabilize soil structure—ultimately fostering long-term resilience in Ethiopia’s agro-ecological systems.