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<p>All, or some, of the individuals of a natural population, in a large area, seem to highlight different phenotypes that express spatial, ethological, chromatic, and trophic particularities. On the trophic niche axis, two phenotypic components can be distinguished (WPC and BPC, respectively, generalists and specialists). Here, a method is illustrated to perform, in the field and in the laboratory, an experiment aimed at evaluating the degree of importance of generalists and specialist subpopulations in <i>Physa acuta,</i> an alien freshwater gastropod mollusc, common in central Italy. The investigations were carried out by sampling in two different aquatic sites with different level of disturbance (central Italy). The results seem to highlight that the <i>Physa acuta</i> subpopulations of the core habitats (i.e., with high naturality) differ in the relative importance of specialists, compared to the generalists more frequent in edge (disturbed) areas (i.e., with high urbanization). Phenotypic generalism seems a trait strictly linked to transitional edges, showing a higher disturbance. The analysis should be supported when combined with DNA-barcoding techniques, for repopulation and biodiversity conservation activities.</p>

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Patterns of generalism/specialization in trophic phenotype: a case study in populations of the alien freshwater gastropod Physa acuta inhabiting disturbed and undisturbed environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Fulvio Cerfolli,
  • Luca Marcellini,
  • Corrado Battisti

摘要

All, or some, of the individuals of a natural population, in a large area, seem to highlight different phenotypes that express spatial, ethological, chromatic, and trophic particularities. On the trophic niche axis, two phenotypic components can be distinguished (WPC and BPC, respectively, generalists and specialists). Here, a method is illustrated to perform, in the field and in the laboratory, an experiment aimed at evaluating the degree of importance of generalists and specialist subpopulations in Physa acuta, an alien freshwater gastropod mollusc, common in central Italy. The investigations were carried out by sampling in two different aquatic sites with different level of disturbance (central Italy). The results seem to highlight that the Physa acuta subpopulations of the core habitats (i.e., with high naturality) differ in the relative importance of specialists, compared to the generalists more frequent in edge (disturbed) areas (i.e., with high urbanization). Phenotypic generalism seems a trait strictly linked to transitional edges, showing a higher disturbance. The analysis should be supported when combined with DNA-barcoding techniques, for repopulation and biodiversity conservation activities.