<p>Photocatalysis—a green and energy-efficient technology for environmental remediation and energy conversion—has recently demonstrated broad application potential in intelligent building materials. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in incorporating photocatalytic materials into building applications, focusing on two main scenarios: pavement and wall surfaces. In pavement systems, photocatalytic materials are primarily employed to degrade pollutants such as NO_<i>x</i> and volatile organic compounds, thereby actively reducing emissions. In wall applications, the emphasis is on imparting intelligent maintenance functions, including self-cleaning, antibacterial activity, and air purification. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the performance of various photocatalytic materials, their incorporation methods, and their effects on mechanical properties and environmental durability. Building on this analysis, we propose design principles for photocatalytic building materials that balance catalytic efficiency with cost, enhance mechanical stability, and preserve the intrinsic functions of building components. Finally, we outline future research directions, emphasizing the significant potential of photocatalytic building materials in advancing green construction and sustainable development.</p>