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<p>This study builds on prior research examining embedded symptom validity tests (SVTs) within the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) by evaluating proposed cutoffs in a more clinically diverse outpatient sample and determining whether optimal SVT thresholds differ for patients with and without a clinical history of depression and anxiety. Participants were 250 adult neuropsychology outpatients at an academic medical center, classified as valid (<i>n</i> = 100) or invalid (<i>n</i> = 150) reporters based on five of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Resturcuted Form (MMPI-2-RF) overreporting validity scales. Two levels of overreporting were defined based on the number and level of overreporting on the MMPI-2-RF validity scales, possible (<i>n</i> = 102) and definite (<i>n</i> = 48) overreporting. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to assess classification accuracy across groups. BDI-II and BAI SVTs demonstrated acceptable classification accuracy. A BAI cutoff of ≥ 16 identified overreporting in most cases, though a threshold of ≥ 15 was sufficient in patients without a history of anxiety. For the BDI-II, a cutoff of ≥ 20 was acceptable in general groupings but needed adjustment to ≥ 25 to maintain adequate specificity in those with a history of depression. More conservative thresholds (BAI ≥ 34, BDI-II ≥ 36) optimally distinguished definite from possible overreporting. Findings support the use of embedded SVTs in the BDI-II and BAI, though the conservative cutoffs appear best considering potential confounds regarding the more liberal scores. Furthermore, the main purpose of these embedded BDI and BAI cutoffs is to determine when more robust validity testing is necessary.</p>

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Further Validation of Symptom Validity Cutoffs in the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory: Findings within a Large Mixed Clinical Outpatient Neuropsychological Sample

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • G. Whitman Kent,
  • John-Christopher A. Finley,
  • Bonnie E. Shoemaker,
  • Justyna Piszczor,
  • Tyler J. Kukla,
  • Steven A. Abalos,
  • Matthew S. Phillips,
  • Joseph M. Bianco,
  • John M. McConnell,
  • Brian M. Cerny,
  • Jason R. Soble

摘要

This study builds on prior research examining embedded symptom validity tests (SVTs) within the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) by evaluating proposed cutoffs in a more clinically diverse outpatient sample and determining whether optimal SVT thresholds differ for patients with and without a clinical history of depression and anxiety. Participants were 250 adult neuropsychology outpatients at an academic medical center, classified as valid (n = 100) or invalid (n = 150) reporters based on five of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Resturcuted Form (MMPI-2-RF) overreporting validity scales. Two levels of overreporting were defined based on the number and level of overreporting on the MMPI-2-RF validity scales, possible (n = 102) and definite (n = 48) overreporting. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to assess classification accuracy across groups. BDI-II and BAI SVTs demonstrated acceptable classification accuracy. A BAI cutoff of ≥ 16 identified overreporting in most cases, though a threshold of ≥ 15 was sufficient in patients without a history of anxiety. For the BDI-II, a cutoff of ≥ 20 was acceptable in general groupings but needed adjustment to ≥ 25 to maintain adequate specificity in those with a history of depression. More conservative thresholds (BAI ≥ 34, BDI-II ≥ 36) optimally distinguished definite from possible overreporting. Findings support the use of embedded SVTs in the BDI-II and BAI, though the conservative cutoffs appear best considering potential confounds regarding the more liberal scores. Furthermore, the main purpose of these embedded BDI and BAI cutoffs is to determine when more robust validity testing is necessary.