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<p>This study proposes a framework to integrate data center (IDC)–based fast frequency response (FFR) into power-system analysis to address frequency stability challenges under high renewable penetration. Three scenarios (2023, 2030, 2038) are developed from Korea’s 11th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand, reflecting renewable penetration and IDC demand. These scenarios are simulated on the IEEE 39-bus system, with synchronous generation reduced proportionally to represent increasing renewable penetration. To capture wind variability, wind power time series are generated from meteorological data collected near major wind farms on Jeju Island. A generator trip contingency is considered as a disturbance event. IDC participation is modeled with three strategies: no involvement, UPS-only, and UPS+IT load. Results show UPS mitigates the initial rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and nadir drop, while UPS+IT load further raises nadir and accelerates recovery. Results highlight the potential of IDC-based FFR to offset inertia loss in renewable-dominated systems.</p>

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Dynamic frequency support from data centers in power systems with high renewable penetration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Sebin Cho,
  • Jin Hur

摘要

This study proposes a framework to integrate data center (IDC)–based fast frequency response (FFR) into power-system analysis to address frequency stability challenges under high renewable penetration. Three scenarios (2023, 2030, 2038) are developed from Korea’s 11th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand, reflecting renewable penetration and IDC demand. These scenarios are simulated on the IEEE 39-bus system, with synchronous generation reduced proportionally to represent increasing renewable penetration. To capture wind variability, wind power time series are generated from meteorological data collected near major wind farms on Jeju Island. A generator trip contingency is considered as a disturbance event. IDC participation is modeled with three strategies: no involvement, UPS-only, and UPS+IT load. Results show UPS mitigates the initial rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and nadir drop, while UPS+IT load further raises nadir and accelerates recovery. Results highlight the potential of IDC-based FFR to offset inertia loss in renewable-dominated systems.