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<p>This study presents a dam water-based dual-mode cooling system for data centers and introduces a novel control approach that optimizes the mode change temperature (MCT) - the switchover point between free and forced cooling by varying condenser water flow rate. Experimental tests were conducted at 42, 52, 62, and 72 LPM to evaluate performance impacts. Increasing the flow from 42 to 72 LPM raised the MCT from 7.2 °C to 9.2 °C, extending free cooling hours by 32 % and yielding a 32 % increase in COP, 15 % lower compressor power, and 43 % lower annual cooling energy use. These results were used to generate custom performance curves for EnergyPlus simulations, which closely matched experiments (CvRMSE &lt; 10 %). The findings demonstrate that water flow rate is an effective real-time control parameter to optimize hybrid cooling performance, offering a practical and low-cost approach to enhance energy efficiency in data center operations.</p>

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Performance analysis and optimization of mode change temperature in a dam water-based data center cooling system using variable flow rate control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Nicholas Lamptey Boafo,
  • Samuel Boahen,
  • Jong Min Choi

摘要

This study presents a dam water-based dual-mode cooling system for data centers and introduces a novel control approach that optimizes the mode change temperature (MCT) - the switchover point between free and forced cooling by varying condenser water flow rate. Experimental tests were conducted at 42, 52, 62, and 72 LPM to evaluate performance impacts. Increasing the flow from 42 to 72 LPM raised the MCT from 7.2 °C to 9.2 °C, extending free cooling hours by 32 % and yielding a 32 % increase in COP, 15 % lower compressor power, and 43 % lower annual cooling energy use. These results were used to generate custom performance curves for EnergyPlus simulations, which closely matched experiments (CvRMSE < 10 %). The findings demonstrate that water flow rate is an effective real-time control parameter to optimize hybrid cooling performance, offering a practical and low-cost approach to enhance energy efficiency in data center operations.