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<p>Achieving stable combustion under low-load conditions challenges ammonia–diesel dual-fuel (ADDF) engines at high ammonia energy ratios. This study employs an optical engine platform, high-speed imaging, and a GUI-based image-processing tool to compare conventional diesel combustion (CDC) and ADDF at a 70 % ammonia energy share, assessing the effect of pre-injection timing in a two-stage diesel pilot strategy on ignition and flame development. ADDF shows lower peak in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate (HRR), and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), with longer ignition delay. ADDF favors premixed combustion with yellow-green chemiluminescence, reduced diffused flame area, and slower flame propagation near the chamber wall. In the double injection strategy, ignition delay and peak pressure, HRR, and IMEP vary non-monotonically with dwell time, peaking at Dwell-15, which yields the shortest delay, highest combustion intensity, and largest flame area. Excessive pilot advance restricts flame growth and risks ammonia slip.</p>

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Visualization study on characteristics of flame propagation in the dual-fuel optical engine using a custom-designed GUI image processing tool

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Kailin Wang,
  • Xu Liu,
  • Peng Jiang,
  • Wenjun Zhong

摘要

Achieving stable combustion under low-load conditions challenges ammonia–diesel dual-fuel (ADDF) engines at high ammonia energy ratios. This study employs an optical engine platform, high-speed imaging, and a GUI-based image-processing tool to compare conventional diesel combustion (CDC) and ADDF at a 70 % ammonia energy share, assessing the effect of pre-injection timing in a two-stage diesel pilot strategy on ignition and flame development. ADDF shows lower peak in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate (HRR), and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), with longer ignition delay. ADDF favors premixed combustion with yellow-green chemiluminescence, reduced diffused flame area, and slower flame propagation near the chamber wall. In the double injection strategy, ignition delay and peak pressure, HRR, and IMEP vary non-monotonically with dwell time, peaking at Dwell-15, which yields the shortest delay, highest combustion intensity, and largest flame area. Excessive pilot advance restricts flame growth and risks ammonia slip.