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<p>This experimental study aims to investigate the synthesis and characterization of niobium carbide (NbC) consolidated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Whereas, processing of NbC via conventional routes is challenging due to its extremely high melting point and associated high energy demands, often resulting in poor densification and mechanical properties. Initially, the NbC powder is subjected to characterisation techniques to evaluate its morphology, particle size distribution, surface area, and flowability. The powder was fabricated into cylindrical pellets using SPS at various temperatures with the constant applied pressure of 50 MPa during the entire sintering cycle. The influences of the sintering temperature on the densification behaviour, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the sintered NbC samples were studied. The study shows that increasing the sintering temperature significantly enhanced relative density, with a maximum of 97.53 % at 1750 °C. Further, the characterisation study revealed uniform grain distribution and minimum porosity in the sample sintered at the maximum temperature (1750 °C), which corresponds to the Hardness of 1055 HV<sub>0.2</sub>.</p>

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Processing and evaluation of niobium carbide ceramics via spark plasma sintering: Effects of sintering temperature on densification, microstructure, and hardness

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Navaneetha Krishnan S.,
  • Raj Mohan R.

摘要

This experimental study aims to investigate the synthesis and characterization of niobium carbide (NbC) consolidated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Whereas, processing of NbC via conventional routes is challenging due to its extremely high melting point and associated high energy demands, often resulting in poor densification and mechanical properties. Initially, the NbC powder is subjected to characterisation techniques to evaluate its morphology, particle size distribution, surface area, and flowability. The powder was fabricated into cylindrical pellets using SPS at various temperatures with the constant applied pressure of 50 MPa during the entire sintering cycle. The influences of the sintering temperature on the densification behaviour, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the sintered NbC samples were studied. The study shows that increasing the sintering temperature significantly enhanced relative density, with a maximum of 97.53 % at 1750 °C. Further, the characterisation study revealed uniform grain distribution and minimum porosity in the sample sintered at the maximum temperature (1750 °C), which corresponds to the Hardness of 1055 HV0.2.