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<p>In this study, a PCM-based BTMS incorporating a spiral fin design was introduced. Through numerical analysis, this system aims to achieve uniform cooling of a lithium-ion battery in both the circumferential and axial directions, while addressing the inherent low thermal conductivity of the PCM. The thermal performance was evaluated by analyzing the effects of different combinations of fin number (0, 2, 4, and 8) and fin pitch (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) on the average battery temperature, temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the battery, and Nusselt number. As the number of fins and pitch increased, the heat conduction network around the circumference and axial direction of the battery was reinforced, resulting in uniform cooling. Compared to a pure PCM-based BTMS, increasing both the number of fins and the pitch significantly prolonged the duration needed to reach the PCM melting point of 41 °C, with a maximum extension of up to 382.5 %. Notably, the 4-fin configuration with a pitch of 2, as well as the 8-fin configurations with pitches of 1.5 and 2, exhibited superior cooling performance by maintaining the average battery temperature below the recommended upper limit of 55 °C throughout the operation period. The optimal configuration (8 fins, 2 pitch) maintained the lowest battery temperature throughout the operation period and minimized the temperature difference between the upper and lower regions of the battery, demonstrating the most effective and uniform cooling performance.</p>

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Enhanced thermal management of lithium-ion battery using spiral fin-PCM

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Hyeon Bin Seong,
  • Jeong Geun Gwon,
  • Seokho Kim,
  • Hoon Ki Choi,
  • Yong Gap Park

摘要

In this study, a PCM-based BTMS incorporating a spiral fin design was introduced. Through numerical analysis, this system aims to achieve uniform cooling of a lithium-ion battery in both the circumferential and axial directions, while addressing the inherent low thermal conductivity of the PCM. The thermal performance was evaluated by analyzing the effects of different combinations of fin number (0, 2, 4, and 8) and fin pitch (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) on the average battery temperature, temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the battery, and Nusselt number. As the number of fins and pitch increased, the heat conduction network around the circumference and axial direction of the battery was reinforced, resulting in uniform cooling. Compared to a pure PCM-based BTMS, increasing both the number of fins and the pitch significantly prolonged the duration needed to reach the PCM melting point of 41 °C, with a maximum extension of up to 382.5 %. Notably, the 4-fin configuration with a pitch of 2, as well as the 8-fin configurations with pitches of 1.5 and 2, exhibited superior cooling performance by maintaining the average battery temperature below the recommended upper limit of 55 °C throughout the operation period. The optimal configuration (8 fins, 2 pitch) maintained the lowest battery temperature throughout the operation period and minimized the temperature difference between the upper and lower regions of the battery, demonstrating the most effective and uniform cooling performance.