<p>This study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of functionally graded materials (FGMs) developed using naturally derived hydroxyapatite (HAp) from eggshells and stainless steel 316 L through the powder metallurgy (PM) technique. Eggshells were processed to synthesize high-purity HAp, which was then mixed with 316 L stainless steel powder in different weight ratios. The fabricated samples were characterized for their mechanical and structural properties. Vickers hardness testing was conducted to evaluate the hardness variation across the graded layers, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to identify phase composition and confirm the formation of HAp and metallic phases at different mixing ratios. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to analyse the microstructure and interfacial bonding between the ceramic and metallic phases. The porosity test is also performed to determine the effect of percentage of HA on the porosity of the FGM sample. The results highlight the influence of HAp content on hardness and microstructural features, indicating that proper gradation and mixing can significantly improve the mechanical performance of the developed FGM material. The findings demonstrate the potential of eggshell-derived HAp and 316 L stainless steel FGMs for sustainable and cost-effective applications, particularly in biomedical implants where biocompatibility and mechanical integrity are critical.</p>