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<p>This study conducts a detailed numerical analysis of turbulent airflow through a rectangular channel containing circular cylinders with various surface modifications aimed at enhancing convective heat transfer. Six cases are evaluated: Case 1 with smooth cylinders (baseline), cases 2 and 3 with axial surface gaps, cases 4 and 5 with wing-shaped protrusions, and case 6 combining both features. The simulations examine velocity profiles, streamlines, flow vectors, friction factors, and Nusselt number distributions. Results show that winged cylinders significantly improve heat transfer, while gapped cylinders effectively reduce pressure losses. The gapped cylinders alone demonstrate the best balance between thermal enhancement and flow resistance. These findings highlight how strategic geometric design of cylinder surfaces can optimize heat transfer performance while minimizing pressure drop, providing valuable guidance for the development of efficient heat exchange systems.</p>

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Effect of gaps and wings on the thermal performance of circular cylinders in a rectangular channel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Minsik Kim,
  • Jongmyung Park

摘要

This study conducts a detailed numerical analysis of turbulent airflow through a rectangular channel containing circular cylinders with various surface modifications aimed at enhancing convective heat transfer. Six cases are evaluated: Case 1 with smooth cylinders (baseline), cases 2 and 3 with axial surface gaps, cases 4 and 5 with wing-shaped protrusions, and case 6 combining both features. The simulations examine velocity profiles, streamlines, flow vectors, friction factors, and Nusselt number distributions. Results show that winged cylinders significantly improve heat transfer, while gapped cylinders effectively reduce pressure losses. The gapped cylinders alone demonstrate the best balance between thermal enhancement and flow resistance. These findings highlight how strategic geometric design of cylinder surfaces can optimize heat transfer performance while minimizing pressure drop, providing valuable guidance for the development of efficient heat exchange systems.