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<p>Fuel cells are key to tackling climate change and energy transition owing to their efficiency and environmental advantages. However, the nonlinear and strongly coupled nature of their air supply systems complicates precise control. This study proposes a model predictive active disturbance rejection controller (MP-ADRC) based on feedback linearization to control the gas flow and pressure in fuel cell air supply systems. Control targets for various load currents were identified, and a control-oriented sixth-order dynamic model was developed, achieving system decoupling via input–output feedback linearization. An extended state observer compensated for uncertainties by integrating observation errors with model-predicted outputs for coordinated air supply control. The controller’s performance was validated through hard-ware-in-the-loop testing under nominal and disturbed conditions. Results indicate that MP-ADRC surpasses traditional controllers in transient tracking performance and robustness, offering a viable control strategy with significant real-world application potential in fuel cell systems.</p>

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MP-ADRC for fuel cell air supply loop based on feedback linearization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月8日

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  • Xiaohua Zeng,
  • Chenhao Niu,
  • Ronghui Xiang,
  • Dafeng Song

摘要

Fuel cells are key to tackling climate change and energy transition owing to their efficiency and environmental advantages. However, the nonlinear and strongly coupled nature of their air supply systems complicates precise control. This study proposes a model predictive active disturbance rejection controller (MP-ADRC) based on feedback linearization to control the gas flow and pressure in fuel cell air supply systems. Control targets for various load currents were identified, and a control-oriented sixth-order dynamic model was developed, achieving system decoupling via input–output feedback linearization. An extended state observer compensated for uncertainties by integrating observation errors with model-predicted outputs for coordinated air supply control. The controller’s performance was validated through hard-ware-in-the-loop testing under nominal and disturbed conditions. Results indicate that MP-ADRC surpasses traditional controllers in transient tracking performance and robustness, offering a viable control strategy with significant real-world application potential in fuel cell systems.