<p>The objective of this study was to mitigate the potential for head injury in motorcycle riders and enhance the protective properties of helmets. First, a finite element coupling model for evaluating helmet impact loads and deformation and their role in protecting the human head was developed and verified. Subsequently, inspired by the spider web structure with exceptional mechanical properties, two innovative and efficient liner structures were proposed and designed. Afterward, the new and improved liner structure was subjected to a rigorous, validated collision test, after which the kinematics and biomechanical parameters of the human head were obtained. These data were then used to conduct a comprehensive performance assessment of the new helmet, focusing on the risk of skull fracture and craniocerebral injury. Results showed that under the range of ballistic anvil crash test conditions, the helmet with an expanded polystyrene (EPS) + spider web structure decreased the head centroid acceleration significantly by 6 g and thus reduced the likelihood of skull fracture by 24 %. Although the occurrence of mild craniocerebral injury increased subtly by 2 %, the overall impact on the individual was considered mitigated compared with that using the traditional EPS foam cushion helmet. The improved helmet, equipped with an EPS + spider web-structured liner, showed a significant reduction in centroid head acceleration by 44 g, a 16 % reduction in the likelihood of skull fracture, and a marginal increase in the probability of mild craniocerebral injury by 5 %. The innovative liner structure innovatively incorporates technology that efficiently absorbs and diffuses collision energy, minimizing the degree of impact on the human skull. This important research achievement provides a solid scientific foundation for the comprehensive exploration of the biomechanical mechanisms of human head trauma during vehicle accidents, as well as the design and construction of related safety protective equipment.</p>