<p>In this study, simulated shock waves and a human head surrogate are designed to investigate the microphysical mechanisms of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). The mechanical properties of the head surrogate materials are similar to those of a real human head. High-speed camera and pressure sensors respectively recorded particle motion characteristics and pressure variations of the brain surrogate under shock waves. Results show that in the gelatin circumferentially confined in a one-dimensional (1-D) tube, pressure wave shapes during the propagation remain relatively unchanged under different magnitudes of shock wave loading. The particle motion displacement is positively correlated with the maximum impulse of the shock waves. The constraint of the side end surface of the 1-D tube significantly influences the propagation of shock waves inside the tube. In cases where the opposite side is not closed, the peak pressure significantly attenuates along the propagation direction. Conversely, when the opposite side is completely closed, the peak pressure almost does not attenuate along the propagation direction, an outcome that is related to the repeated reflection enhancement of shock waves at the opposite end surface. This result suggests that the enclosed structure of the skull can increase the severity of bTBI. However, a significant difference is observed between the particle displacement calculated based on the theoretical model and the experiment result, mainly due to the pressure testing methods, particle simulation methods, and ideal calculation model used.</p>