<p>The service vibration environment of train equipment is non-stationary and non-Gaussian random processes, and the current research mainly uses power spectrum to describe the service vibration environment of train equipment. Since power spectrum only contains second order moment information of random processes, it cannot accurately describe non-stationary and non-Gaussian random load. Aiming at this problem, a numerical model of damage equivalent vibration spectrum was developed to capture the damage potential of non-stationary and non-Gaussian random vibration load. This model utilizes the concept of damage equivalent principle, where if the synthesized vibration spectrum and the real load have the same fatigue damage spectrum, they have the same damage potential. Finally, a case study was conducted to synthesize damage equivalent vibration spectrum of train axle mounted equipment, and a comparative analysis was conducted with the random vibration standard IEC61373 for train equipment. Take vertical vibration spectrum as an example, the functional test RMSs of damage equivalent vibration spectrum are 1.15, 2.00, 2.88 times larger than the standard for the material fatigue constant <i>m</i> = 4, 7, 12, while the durability test RMSs are 3.18, 2.02, 1.67 times. It is recommended to use the damage equivalent vibration spectrum as the standard for random vibration test of train equipment, and the material fatigue characteristics of train equipment should be considered.</p>