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<p>The development of low-emission technologies and fuel-flexible combustors is a key research area for aircraft engines. With the potential of hydrogen as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, the storage and combustion of liquid hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) in jet engines are gaining momentum among engine manufacturers. Over the last decade, multi-point LDI (MPLDI) performance has been experimentally and numerically verified, evolving from first-generation to third-generation designs. Despite this progress, the numerical validation for various MPLDI configurations remains a gap in the literature. This paper presents findings divided into two main sections. The first section examines the spray combustion flow characteristics of 9-point LDI systems equipped with 45° and 60° swirling flows. The effects of equivalence ratio (ϕ) and combustion inlet temperature on EINOx emissions are explored. The numerical predictions for EINOx and combustor exit temperature align well with experimental data across multiple test points, demonstrating the reliability of RANS-based simulations. Additionally, part-load conditions were investigated to evaluate EICO emissions at the combustor exit. Although EICO trends correlated with flame temperature variations, the absolute EICO values were overpredicted when compared to experimental data, indicating areas for further model refinement. The second part of the study focuses on the reacting flow characteristics in 7-point LDI systems with a 60° swirler, examining the impact of reference velocity and equivalence ratio on EINOx emissions. The results showed good agreement with experimental data for variable equivalence ratios, though underpredictions occurred for constant equivalence ratio conditions, especially at low EINOx values. The dual-fuel configuration, comparing Jet A and 100 % H<sub>2</sub> under similar operating conditions, demonstrated significantly lower EINOx emissions for the 100 % H<sub>2</sub> case. The methodologies and findings from this study can be applied to new MPLDI systems to assess and optimize performance at both baseload and part-load conditions, supporting the development of low-emission, fuel-flexible combustion technologies.</p>

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Reacting flow and emission characteristics of a multi-point LDI combustor: 9 LDI and 7 LDI

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月31日

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  • Rajesh Mavuri,
  • Sivakumar Ramasami

摘要

The development of low-emission technologies and fuel-flexible combustors is a key research area for aircraft engines. With the potential of hydrogen as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, the storage and combustion of liquid hydrogen (H2) in jet engines are gaining momentum among engine manufacturers. Over the last decade, multi-point LDI (MPLDI) performance has been experimentally and numerically verified, evolving from first-generation to third-generation designs. Despite this progress, the numerical validation for various MPLDI configurations remains a gap in the literature. This paper presents findings divided into two main sections. The first section examines the spray combustion flow characteristics of 9-point LDI systems equipped with 45° and 60° swirling flows. The effects of equivalence ratio (ϕ) and combustion inlet temperature on EINOx emissions are explored. The numerical predictions for EINOx and combustor exit temperature align well with experimental data across multiple test points, demonstrating the reliability of RANS-based simulations. Additionally, part-load conditions were investigated to evaluate EICO emissions at the combustor exit. Although EICO trends correlated with flame temperature variations, the absolute EICO values were overpredicted when compared to experimental data, indicating areas for further model refinement. The second part of the study focuses on the reacting flow characteristics in 7-point LDI systems with a 60° swirler, examining the impact of reference velocity and equivalence ratio on EINOx emissions. The results showed good agreement with experimental data for variable equivalence ratios, though underpredictions occurred for constant equivalence ratio conditions, especially at low EINOx values. The dual-fuel configuration, comparing Jet A and 100 % H2 under similar operating conditions, demonstrated significantly lower EINOx emissions for the 100 % H2 case. The methodologies and findings from this study can be applied to new MPLDI systems to assess and optimize performance at both baseload and part-load conditions, supporting the development of low-emission, fuel-flexible combustion technologies.