<p>The high-frequency interior noise in electric locomotives is a significant environmental factor affecting the normal operation of drivers. To address the issue of high-frequency noise through airborne paths, a wheel-rail impedance model is utilized to calculate wheel-rail rolling noise. Based on the high-frequency statistical energy analysis (SEA) method, an SEA acoustic calculation model for a specific type of electric locomotive is established. With wheel-rail noise, equipment noise, and other airborne path noises as excitation sources, high-frequency noise response results are calculated, and model validation is conducted. Spectral characteristics of the interior noise within the locomotive are analyzed, and interior noise control measures are implemented. The results indicate that the deviation between the calculated and tested results of the locomotive’s SEA acoustic model is less than 3 dBA, confirming the model’s reliability. As the vehicle speed increases from 15 km/h to 70 km/h, the average sound pressure level in the driver’s cab increases by 1 dBA, and the total sound pressure level at the longitudinal position of the central aisle increases by 4–5 dBA. After laying hard rubber in the driver’s cab, the noise level decreases by 2 dBA. In the longitudinal spatial distribution, the total sound pressure level in the central aisle can be reduced by up to 2 dBA. The prediction method provides a design basis for the interior acoustic design and noise control of electric locomotives.</p>