Acoustic imaging of the underground space with sensor arrays by phase unwrapping and synthetic focusing

The paper introduces a new algorithm that can determine the location of the compromised pipeline and its path while also examining the impact of the sensor array’s parameters on imaging outcomes. Results show that the sensor array rotates at a specific angle relative to the pipeline, and the pipeline’s path remains visible. Experimental trials using a vibration sensor to capture vibrational data indicate that at an acceleration of water reaching 9 m/s², the maximum output analog voltage (corresponding to the leakage point) reaches 35.6 mv, with the analog voltage decreasing as one moves away from the main leakage point, thereby validating the viability of the new algorithm. Rotating the pipeline at a certain angle can result in an output analog voltage of up to 37.4 mv, and the presence of the leaking pipe and its path continues to be observable.