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<p>Porous structures of triple periodic minimal surface (TPMS) based on diamond (D), gyroid (G), and primitive (P) have become a leading choice in dental implant design because of their excellent mechanical and biological characteristics. However, the natural mandibular tissue is inherently heterogeneous, and using homogeneous porous implants might cause pathological bone stress concentrations. To address this issue, this study constructs a TPMS implant with an axially fused structure based on the Sigmoid function and parametric design. The fused structure axially integrates two types of TPMS units. A simulation analysis for 18 different structures was conducted to analyze the differences between fused structures (D-G, D-P, and G-P) and homogeneous structures (D, G, P) under constant porosities of 50%, 60%, and 70% in terms of equivalent elastic modulus, equivalent yield strength, permeability, fluid wall shear stress, and micromotion at the implant-bone interface. The results show that compared with the homogeneous scaffolds, the fusion structure (D-G) has a low and wide range of elastic modulus, which decreases from 12.23 GPa to 4.58 GPa in a porosity range of 50%–70%, and its elastic modulus range increases by 28% on average. The yield strength was similar to that of cortical bone. The permeability was lower than that of the homogeneous scaffold (G, P), but it met the requirements of natural bone. In terms of fluid shear stress, the average wall shear stress of the fusion structure (D-G) was greater than that of the homogeneous structure, and its suitable growth zone accounted for 98.9%. In the simulation of implant-bone interface fretting under the effect of the occluding force, the axial fusion structure (D-G) showed a stress distribution more similar to that of the mandible; that is, a larger stress distribution was in the upper D structure region in contact with cortical bone, and a smaller stress was evenly distributed in the lower G structure region in contact with cancellous bone. This stress distribution effectively reduces the difference in stress and microstrain between cortical bone and cancellous bone, avoids the phenomenon of stress concentration in cancellous bone, reduces the risk of bone resorption, and improves the overall biomechanical stability of the implant.</p>

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Structural Design of Implant Fusion Based on Triple Period Minimal Surface and Its Performance Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月30日

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  • Haijie Li,
  • Jizhe Hai,
  • Chunlong Shan,
  • Qingyu Xu,
  • Zhiguo Xu,
  • Yueheng Lei,
  • Lei Jing

摘要

Porous structures of triple periodic minimal surface (TPMS) based on diamond (D), gyroid (G), and primitive (P) have become a leading choice in dental implant design because of their excellent mechanical and biological characteristics. However, the natural mandibular tissue is inherently heterogeneous, and using homogeneous porous implants might cause pathological bone stress concentrations. To address this issue, this study constructs a TPMS implant with an axially fused structure based on the Sigmoid function and parametric design. The fused structure axially integrates two types of TPMS units. A simulation analysis for 18 different structures was conducted to analyze the differences between fused structures (D-G, D-P, and G-P) and homogeneous structures (D, G, P) under constant porosities of 50%, 60%, and 70% in terms of equivalent elastic modulus, equivalent yield strength, permeability, fluid wall shear stress, and micromotion at the implant-bone interface. The results show that compared with the homogeneous scaffolds, the fusion structure (D-G) has a low and wide range of elastic modulus, which decreases from 12.23 GPa to 4.58 GPa in a porosity range of 50%–70%, and its elastic modulus range increases by 28% on average. The yield strength was similar to that of cortical bone. The permeability was lower than that of the homogeneous scaffold (G, P), but it met the requirements of natural bone. In terms of fluid shear stress, the average wall shear stress of the fusion structure (D-G) was greater than that of the homogeneous structure, and its suitable growth zone accounted for 98.9%. In the simulation of implant-bone interface fretting under the effect of the occluding force, the axial fusion structure (D-G) showed a stress distribution more similar to that of the mandible; that is, a larger stress distribution was in the upper D structure region in contact with cortical bone, and a smaller stress was evenly distributed in the lower G structure region in contact with cancellous bone. This stress distribution effectively reduces the difference in stress and microstrain between cortical bone and cancellous bone, avoids the phenomenon of stress concentration in cancellous bone, reduces the risk of bone resorption, and improves the overall biomechanical stability of the implant.