Fully Self-Powered Wireless Wind Speed and Direction Sensing System Driven by Hybrid Nanogenerator via Infrared Communications

This paper proposes an infrared (IR) wireless wind information (both speed and direction) sensing system driven by a high-performance triboelectric-magnetic hybrid nanogenerator. Driven by wind, the hybrid generator actuates IR diodes to emit IR signals with different frequencies and phases. This process encodes data on wind speed and direction, accessible for remote detection. To achieve a sufficient current level for IR diodes, the current output of the triboelectric nanogenerator is enhanced from smaller than 10 µA to more than 100 µA by optimizing the electrode structure. Under the wind speed range of 3 m/s to 26.0 m/s, the experiment results show a linear relationship between wind speed and signal frequency, and the wind direction can also be accurately identified through the phase difference of IR signal, generated by a dual-disk electromagnetic generator. This work lays a foundation for effective online wind information monitoring.