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<p>Maritime security training under the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code predominantly relies on traditional tabletop security exercises, which are limited in realism, performance measurement, and consistent assessment of trainees across cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. This limitation results in a persistent gap in preparing port facility security teams (PFSTs), shipboard personnel, and decision-makers for complex, high-pressure security incidents. The present study addresses this gap by proposing and evaluating an integrated training approach that combines a Virtual Reality Game-Based Maritime Security Simulator (VR-GMSS) with artificial intelligence (AI)-driven performance assessment tools. The methodology employs a descriptive, analytical, and scenario-based security exercise that replicates dynamic threats, facilitates real-time interaction, and enables objective competency assessment through virtual reality head-mounted devices (VRHMDs) and artificial intelligence recognition technologies (ART). Findings demonstrate that the integration of VR and AI enhances realism, improves stakeholder coordination, enables quantifiable performance evaluation, and strengthens preparedness relative to conventional discussion-based methods. The study concludes that VR-GMSS integrated with AI provides a scalable and effective alternative for advancing maritime security education and training (MSET) in accordance with international Maritime Education and Training (MET) and ISPS Code standards.</p>

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Enhancing maritime port facility security exercises “tabletop” through integrated virtual reality game-based simulator and artificial intelligence: ISPS code implementation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Ahmed Mohy Ibrahim

摘要

Maritime security training under the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code predominantly relies on traditional tabletop security exercises, which are limited in realism, performance measurement, and consistent assessment of trainees across cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. This limitation results in a persistent gap in preparing port facility security teams (PFSTs), shipboard personnel, and decision-makers for complex, high-pressure security incidents. The present study addresses this gap by proposing and evaluating an integrated training approach that combines a Virtual Reality Game-Based Maritime Security Simulator (VR-GMSS) with artificial intelligence (AI)-driven performance assessment tools. The methodology employs a descriptive, analytical, and scenario-based security exercise that replicates dynamic threats, facilitates real-time interaction, and enables objective competency assessment through virtual reality head-mounted devices (VRHMDs) and artificial intelligence recognition technologies (ART). Findings demonstrate that the integration of VR and AI enhances realism, improves stakeholder coordination, enables quantifiable performance evaluation, and strengthens preparedness relative to conventional discussion-based methods. The study concludes that VR-GMSS integrated with AI provides a scalable and effective alternative for advancing maritime security education and training (MSET) in accordance with international Maritime Education and Training (MET) and ISPS Code standards.