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<p>The flexibility of virtual reality systems has fostered the development of various interaction techniques, yet our understanding of users’ eye movement behaviors with different interaction methods remains limited. This study compares eye movement details in goal-driven and stimulus-based virtual button selection tasks, using both direct bare-hand interaction and indirect keyboard control in virtual environments. Our findings show that both interface type and interaction mode significantly affect multiple eye movement metrics, including saccades, fixations, and blinks. These insights enhance our understanding of visual attention and action execution in virtual selection tasks, offering data-driven conclusions that can serve as a foundation for developing design guidelines for interaction techniques and interface designs in virtual reality. We believe these results will contribute to the creation of more natural, efficient, and user-friendly virtual reality systems, further advancing the technology.</p>

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How bare-hand clicking influences eye movement behavior in virtual button selection tasks: a comparative analysis with keyboard control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Xiaoxi Du,
  • Lesong Jia,
  • Jinchun Wu,
  • Ningyue Peng,
  • Xiaozhou Zhou,
  • Chengqi Xue

摘要

The flexibility of virtual reality systems has fostered the development of various interaction techniques, yet our understanding of users’ eye movement behaviors with different interaction methods remains limited. This study compares eye movement details in goal-driven and stimulus-based virtual button selection tasks, using both direct bare-hand interaction and indirect keyboard control in virtual environments. Our findings show that both interface type and interaction mode significantly affect multiple eye movement metrics, including saccades, fixations, and blinks. These insights enhance our understanding of visual attention and action execution in virtual selection tasks, offering data-driven conclusions that can serve as a foundation for developing design guidelines for interaction techniques and interface designs in virtual reality. We believe these results will contribute to the creation of more natural, efficient, and user-friendly virtual reality systems, further advancing the technology.