Scholarlink

<p>In this article, we extend the classical SIQR (Susceptible-Infected-Quarantined-Recovered) epidemiological model to develop the SIQHR (Susceptible-Infected-Quarantined-Hospitalized-Recovered) model. In addition, two new compartments are introduced in the proposed model: the protected class (P), representing individuals with reduced susceptibility due to preventive measures, and the awareness level (A), reflecting the influence of public health interventions and campaigns. Although individuals in the protected class experience a lower incidence rate, they remain susceptible to infection. Together, these additions yield the final SIQHRPA model. We incorporate a time delay, to capture the impact of latent period of the susceptible and protected population, in the extended model. The delay model is investigated both analytically, through stability theory, and numerical simulations. Disease-free equilibrium is stable when the basic reproduction number <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\text{R}}_{\text{0}}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is less than unity. Our findings show that the endemic system, with or without delay, can undergo Hopf bifurcation, indicating repeated infection cycles and suggesting the critical need for timely public health interventions. While infection rate drives bifurcation-induced instability, latent delay and hospitalization rate and treatment rates exert a stabilizing influence through inverse Hopf bifurcation. Moreover, awareness-driven hospitalization and treatment strategies are pivotal in suppressing oscillations and restoring stability. Together, these results highlight the effectiveness of integrated medical and social measures in controlling infectious diseases and provide valuable guidance for public health policy.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Latent delay effects on SIQHR epidemic model with protected human classes under public awareness

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

查看全文
  • Fahad Al Basir,
  • Aeshah A. Raezah,
  • Khalid Aldawsari,
  • Biru Rajak

摘要

In this article, we extend the classical SIQR (Susceptible-Infected-Quarantined-Recovered) epidemiological model to develop the SIQHR (Susceptible-Infected-Quarantined-Hospitalized-Recovered) model. In addition, two new compartments are introduced in the proposed model: the protected class (P), representing individuals with reduced susceptibility due to preventive measures, and the awareness level (A), reflecting the influence of public health interventions and campaigns. Although individuals in the protected class experience a lower incidence rate, they remain susceptible to infection. Together, these additions yield the final SIQHRPA model. We incorporate a time delay, to capture the impact of latent period of the susceptible and protected population, in the extended model. The delay model is investigated both analytically, through stability theory, and numerical simulations. Disease-free equilibrium is stable when the basic reproduction number \({{\text{R}}_{\text{0}}}\) is less than unity. Our findings show that the endemic system, with or without delay, can undergo Hopf bifurcation, indicating repeated infection cycles and suggesting the critical need for timely public health interventions. While infection rate drives bifurcation-induced instability, latent delay and hospitalization rate and treatment rates exert a stabilizing influence through inverse Hopf bifurcation. Moreover, awareness-driven hospitalization and treatment strategies are pivotal in suppressing oscillations and restoring stability. Together, these results highlight the effectiveness of integrated medical and social measures in controlling infectious diseases and provide valuable guidance for public health policy.