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<p>A fractional-order model with Caputo derivatives is developed to study the water dynamics with an emphasis on the interactions between atmospheric water, surface water, and groundwater. The model considers significant environmental issues such as pollution, deforestation, and frequent water pumping and assesses their effects on groundwater levels. Conditions for the existence, and boundedness of solutions are also studied. The steady-state solutions of the system are identified, and their stability is used Lyapunov’s direct method to determine boundedness, positivity, and stability of solutions. The study employed numerical models to analyze the effects of human pressure.</p>

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A fractional-order framework for investigating groundwater depletion under environmental and human pressures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月16日

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  • Gnanasakthivel Hamsavarthini,
  • Chokkalingam Ravichandran,
  • Fahad Aljuaydi,
  • Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar

摘要

A fractional-order model with Caputo derivatives is developed to study the water dynamics with an emphasis on the interactions between atmospheric water, surface water, and groundwater. The model considers significant environmental issues such as pollution, deforestation, and frequent water pumping and assesses their effects on groundwater levels. Conditions for the existence, and boundedness of solutions are also studied. The steady-state solutions of the system are identified, and their stability is used Lyapunov’s direct method to determine boundedness, positivity, and stability of solutions. The study employed numerical models to analyze the effects of human pressure.