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<p>This study used a longitudinal design to examine the longitudinal association between adolescents’ subjective socioeconomic status (SES) and smartphone addiction, as well as the mediating role of basic psychological needs and the moderating role of effort-as-virtue belief (EVB). A two-wave, six-month longitudinal survey was conducted among 1,467 adolescents from two schools in Henan Province, China. The results showed significant correlations among adolescents’ subjective SES, basic psychological needs, effort-as-virtue belief, and smartphone addiction. Mediation analysis indicated that adolescents’ Subjective SES was indirectly associated with T2 Smartphone addiction through T2 Basic psychological needs. T1 EVB moderated the relationship between subjective SES and T2 basic psychological needs. For adolescents with high EVB, the predictive effect of subjective SES on T2 basic psychological needs was not significant. For those with low EVB, this predictive effect was significant. These findings suggest a possible indirect association between subjective SES and smartphone addiction through basic psychological needs. They also suggest that EVB may serve as an important psychological resource for buffering the adverse effects of low subjective SES.</p>

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Addiction at the Bottom of the Ladder: Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Adolescent Smartphone Addiction from a Self-Determination Theory Perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Chenyang Wu,
  • Hua Wei,
  • Anming He

摘要

This study used a longitudinal design to examine the longitudinal association between adolescents’ subjective socioeconomic status (SES) and smartphone addiction, as well as the mediating role of basic psychological needs and the moderating role of effort-as-virtue belief (EVB). A two-wave, six-month longitudinal survey was conducted among 1,467 adolescents from two schools in Henan Province, China. The results showed significant correlations among adolescents’ subjective SES, basic psychological needs, effort-as-virtue belief, and smartphone addiction. Mediation analysis indicated that adolescents’ Subjective SES was indirectly associated with T2 Smartphone addiction through T2 Basic psychological needs. T1 EVB moderated the relationship between subjective SES and T2 basic psychological needs. For adolescents with high EVB, the predictive effect of subjective SES on T2 basic psychological needs was not significant. For those with low EVB, this predictive effect was significant. These findings suggest a possible indirect association between subjective SES and smartphone addiction through basic psychological needs. They also suggest that EVB may serve as an important psychological resource for buffering the adverse effects of low subjective SES.