<p>This paper investigates whether transport and residential energy poverty affect the educational and mental health outcomes of children and young people in Ireland. Existing research on residential energy poverty has demonstrated that children are more likely to present with health and behavioural issues when living in poorer housing conditions, such as a lack of heating. However, there is a significant gap in the literature in understanding the role of residential energy and transport poverty on educational and mental health outcomes. This paper explores: whether there are direct associations between transport and residential energy poverty, education and mental health; whether key socio-demographic factors moderate how energy poverty impacts on these outcomes; whether these dynamics change over time; and whether a cumulative impact is evident. We use data from a longitudinal study on children’s development: the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) survey. Findings indicate some effects of energy poverty in the residential and transport sectors on educational achievement and mental health but these often depend on age, gender, and urban-rural location. The paper advocates for integrated policy responses to address these interconnected issues. In particular, energy retrofitting and sustainable transport strategies, and associated funding, need to prioritise social housing tenants and lower income households in disadvantaged urban and rural areas.</p>