<p>Subjective well-being is essential for maintaining mental health and quality of life, particularly during adolescence, a critical developmental stage. This study investigated the relationship between perceived family socioeconomic status and subjective well-being, as well as the sequential mediating roles of social support and resilience among Chinese youth and adolescents. A total of 16,217 participants completed self-reported questionnaires, including items assessing perceived family socioeconomic status, the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Results demonstrated a significant positive association between perceived family socioeconomic status and subjective well-being. Additionally, social support and resilience acted as sequential mediators in this relationship. These findings highlight the important roles of social support and resilience in shaping adolescents’ subjective well-being, underscoring the complex interplay between family socioeconomic status and well-being. These insights are crucial for designing targeted interventions to support young individuals across diverse socioeconomic contexts. Overall, this research deepens our understanding of how strengthening social support and resilience can enhance well-being in youth and adolescents.</p>