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<p>Rapid determination of lactic acid is critical for monitoring the quality and safety of fermented foods. However, existing analytical methods, including chromatographic, enzymatic, and antibody-based lateral flow assays, are limited by high cost, poor stability, or low suitability for small-molecule detection. In this study, we introduce <b>PASHA (Polymer-Assisted Selective Hybrid Analysis)</b>, a new analytical methodology that replaces biological receptors with molecularly imprinted polymers in lateral flow platforms Using PASHA, lactic acid was selectively recognized by imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) nanoparticles and membranes integrated into a horizontal flow assay. Signal transduction was achieved via FeCl₃-mediated colorimetric complexation, enabling direct visual and semi-quantitative detection without antibodies or enzymes. The platform exhibited a linear response between 0.03 and 0.75% lactic acid (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99). PASHA was validated using real fermented food samples including cheese, yogurt, kefir, ayran, and milk, showing strong agreement with conventional titration and spectrophotometric methods. Compared to classical immunochromatographic tests, PASHA offers superior chemical stability, lower cost, and enhanced performance for small organic acids. This work establishes PASHA as a new class of molecularly imprinted lateral flow methodology for food analysis, enabling robust, rapid, and field-deployable monitoring of fermentation and food quality.</p>

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Antibody-free Molecularly Imprinted Lateral Flow Platform For Rapid Lactic Acid Analysis in Fermented Foods

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Muhammed Zahid Kasapoglu,
  • Esra Avci,
  • Merve Nur Şahin,
  • Emirhan İşeri,
  • Ceren Türkcan

摘要

Rapid determination of lactic acid is critical for monitoring the quality and safety of fermented foods. However, existing analytical methods, including chromatographic, enzymatic, and antibody-based lateral flow assays, are limited by high cost, poor stability, or low suitability for small-molecule detection. In this study, we introduce PASHA (Polymer-Assisted Selective Hybrid Analysis), a new analytical methodology that replaces biological receptors with molecularly imprinted polymers in lateral flow platforms Using PASHA, lactic acid was selectively recognized by imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) nanoparticles and membranes integrated into a horizontal flow assay. Signal transduction was achieved via FeCl₃-mediated colorimetric complexation, enabling direct visual and semi-quantitative detection without antibodies or enzymes. The platform exhibited a linear response between 0.03 and 0.75% lactic acid (R2 = 0.99). PASHA was validated using real fermented food samples including cheese, yogurt, kefir, ayran, and milk, showing strong agreement with conventional titration and spectrophotometric methods. Compared to classical immunochromatographic tests, PASHA offers superior chemical stability, lower cost, and enhanced performance for small organic acids. This work establishes PASHA as a new class of molecularly imprinted lateral flow methodology for food analysis, enabling robust, rapid, and field-deployable monitoring of fermentation and food quality.