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<p>This study developed a comprehensive strategy to identify and quantify a novel vardenafil analogue, SLX-2101, which was detected as an undeclared adulterant in functional foods. The compound was initially screened and characterized using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-UV-Q-TOF/MS), and its structure was confirmed via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and comparison with a custom-synthesized reference standard. A quantitative ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ/MS) method was established and validated, demonstrating good linearity (1.0–100.0&#xa0;μg/L, <i>r</i> &gt; 0.997), with a limit of detection of 0.3&#xa0;μg/kg and a limit of quantification of 1.0&#xa0;μg/kg. Mean recoveries ranged from 74.2% to 115.8% across various food matrices, with relative standard deviations between 0.4% and 12.5%. Application to 61 commercial samples revealed SLX-2101 in two functional wines marketed for their purported aphrodisiac effects at concentrations of 19.3&#xa0;mg/kg and 1.3 × 10<sup>3</sup>&#xa0;mg/kg. The validated method enables reliable surveillance of this emerging adulterant, thereby providing a practical solution to address the critical gap left by conventional targeted screening protocols.</p>

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A Comprehensive Strategy for a Novel PDE-5 Inhibitor Adulterant in Foods: from Identification in Blending Liquor to Multi-Matrix Quantitative Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Hui Wang,
  • Zhaoxia Wang,
  • Jijun Qin,
  • Feifei Zhong,
  • Xiangling Kong,
  • Meimei Chen,
  • Shilei Han,
  • Lei Zhang,
  • Yuan Yuan,
  • Fangping Yin,
  • Peng Zhou

摘要

This study developed a comprehensive strategy to identify and quantify a novel vardenafil analogue, SLX-2101, which was detected as an undeclared adulterant in functional foods. The compound was initially screened and characterized using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-UV-Q-TOF/MS), and its structure was confirmed via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and comparison with a custom-synthesized reference standard. A quantitative ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ/MS) method was established and validated, demonstrating good linearity (1.0–100.0 μg/L, r > 0.997), with a limit of detection of 0.3 μg/kg and a limit of quantification of 1.0 μg/kg. Mean recoveries ranged from 74.2% to 115.8% across various food matrices, with relative standard deviations between 0.4% and 12.5%. Application to 61 commercial samples revealed SLX-2101 in two functional wines marketed for their purported aphrodisiac effects at concentrations of 19.3 mg/kg and 1.3 × 103 mg/kg. The validated method enables reliable surveillance of this emerging adulterant, thereby providing a practical solution to address the critical gap left by conventional targeted screening protocols.