<p>This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of food rapid test kits based on colloidal gold immunochromatographic assays (GICA) for detecting chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, and sulfonamides in livestock, poultry, and aquatic products, and to provide a reference for their practical application. Rapid test kits from different manufacturers were used to detect the above targets in pork, chicken, fish, shrimp, and other samples. The interference resistance, linearity, and sensitivity of the test kits were analyzed by setting up a multi-concentration gradient combined with the interference experiment of flavoring matrix. Test kits D and E showed strong anti-interference ability and specificity for chloramphenicol, though test kit E yielded false positives at 0.05&#xa0;µg/kg. For enrofloxacin, polynomial fitting correlation coefficients (0.9991, 0.9966, 0.9993) outperformed linear regression. Compared to test kits using sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole as the benchmark, those based on sulfamethazine demonstrated superior accuracy. Test kit B achieved an overall accuracy rate of 96.6%. In contrast, test kits using sulfamethoxazole as the benchmark showed no response to sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, or sulfamethazine, resulting in a false negative rate as high as 100%. The GICA is effective in screening for chloramphenicol in seasoned meat and fish samples; for enrofloxacin, it exhibits a good linear relationship and is suitable for preliminary screening in the circulation chain. The sensitivity for sulfonamides depends heavily on the benchmark substance used in test kit design. We recommend selecting rapid tests developed with a structurally representative benchmark, like sulfamethazine, and validating them across matrices before deployment. Confirm with traditional methods if needed.</p>